1. One way it can be argued youth subcultures are related to ethnicity is resistance to
racism and capitalism
One example is rastafarians - dreadlocks, colours of the Ethiopian flag, smoking marijuana
to reach a higher level of spirituality
Hebdige (1976) - Rastafarianism as a resistance to white culture and racism. This
philosophy attracted Caribbean migrants
However resistance might link more to class - John Clarke found that skinheads wanted to
exaggerate working class identity. Also part of the Rastafarianism was to resist capitalism
not only racial issues
2. Another way it can be argued youth subcultures are related to ethnicity is hybridity
One example is Brasians - Bhangra music is often mixed with rap dance and pop to create a
fusion. This shows how Asians refuse to accept a subordinate place in society and any
negative stereotypes that may come with their ethnicity.
Johan (1998) - Brasians became ‘hyper-ethnic’ - watched Hindi Indian movies and listened
to traditional music which was empowering and made them feel comfortable in their identity.
But when it came to marriage, religion diet Asians were more keen to code switch
However cultural appropriation e.g. modern primitives - westerners who focus on
individuality and self expression through non-western style body modifications. Some may
argue this is cultural exchange but arguably it is cultural appropriation. It is a neo tribe - This
would be supported by postmodernism
Vale and Juno (1989)
Modern primitives arose out of a reaction to a sense of powerlessness in a rapidly changing
world - resistance to modernity.
Hutnyk - western subcultures use symbols superficially without understanding the cultural
meaning
Also Brasians still strongly adopted their ethnic culture which could be seen as resistance to
assimilation in white British society
Overall youth subcultures can be said to link to ethnicity hebdige (1979) - British youth
subcultures can be seen as a ‘succession of differential responses to the black immigrant
presence in Britain’
One way it can be argued that youth subcultures are related to ethnicity is resistance to
racism and prejudice. One example is the Rastafarian culture, which originated in Jamaica.
racism and capitalism
One example is rastafarians - dreadlocks, colours of the Ethiopian flag, smoking marijuana
to reach a higher level of spirituality
Hebdige (1976) - Rastafarianism as a resistance to white culture and racism. This
philosophy attracted Caribbean migrants
However resistance might link more to class - John Clarke found that skinheads wanted to
exaggerate working class identity. Also part of the Rastafarianism was to resist capitalism
not only racial issues
2. Another way it can be argued youth subcultures are related to ethnicity is hybridity
One example is Brasians - Bhangra music is often mixed with rap dance and pop to create a
fusion. This shows how Asians refuse to accept a subordinate place in society and any
negative stereotypes that may come with their ethnicity.
Johan (1998) - Brasians became ‘hyper-ethnic’ - watched Hindi Indian movies and listened
to traditional music which was empowering and made them feel comfortable in their identity.
But when it came to marriage, religion diet Asians were more keen to code switch
However cultural appropriation e.g. modern primitives - westerners who focus on
individuality and self expression through non-western style body modifications. Some may
argue this is cultural exchange but arguably it is cultural appropriation. It is a neo tribe - This
would be supported by postmodernism
Vale and Juno (1989)
Modern primitives arose out of a reaction to a sense of powerlessness in a rapidly changing
world - resistance to modernity.
Hutnyk - western subcultures use symbols superficially without understanding the cultural
meaning
Also Brasians still strongly adopted their ethnic culture which could be seen as resistance to
assimilation in white British society
Overall youth subcultures can be said to link to ethnicity hebdige (1979) - British youth
subcultures can be seen as a ‘succession of differential responses to the black immigrant
presence in Britain’
One way it can be argued that youth subcultures are related to ethnicity is resistance to
racism and prejudice. One example is the Rastafarian culture, which originated in Jamaica.
