NBCOT AOTA Exam Prep (Low Vision & Vision Deficits)

presbyopia - ANSWER-difficulty focusing on near objects (aging related) central vision - ANSWER-analyzes a visual target in terms of its details; color, shape, and texture peripheral (ambient) vision - ANSWER-provides backgroung info about one's position in relation to the environment and is quick to detect motion Examples of age related vision changes - ANSWER-pupils become smaller, dec muscle strength around eyes, sclera and iris show signs of degeneration, lens becomes thicker, cornea becomes thicker, eyes adapt more slowly to light/dark, ability to see objects with low light dec, difficulty distinguishing color (blue/green), visual fields narrow cataracts - ANSWER-central vision; the lens of the eye becomes more opaque, dec vis acuity, distinguish colors, inc glare sensitivity, dec contrast sensitivity ARMD - ANSWER-central vision; dec ability to recognize faces and perform detailed work; dry ARMD most common and causes yellow deposits within macula causing atrophy of the retina; wet ARMD progresses quickly and proliferation of abnormal blood vessels that leak blood into macula glaucoma - ANSWER-peripheral vision; primary open angle occurs when the fluid passes slowly through a spongy network and builds up causing the pressure to rise inside the eye, damage to optic nerve possible; angle closure glaucoma is an emergency, acute situation in which fluid becomes blocked quickly raising pressure diabetic retinopathy - ANSWER-manifestations fluctuate, caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina, blood vessels may swell and leak fluid Melbourne Low Vision ADL Index - ANSWER-this tool assesses the impact of visual impairment on ADL/IADL Lighthouse Near Vision Acuity Test - ANSWER-tests acuity Amsler grid - ANSWER-assess central vision Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart - ANSWER-assess contrast eccentric viewing - ANSWER-use peripheral vision, turn head or trunk Fixation - ANSWER-maintaining of the visual gaze on a single location