AO1:
Proximity: Location: Uniform
● Refers to the distance between people, objects or ● The location or setting of a situation or ● The
situations. environment can affect the ways a request is the p
viewed and therefore the likelihood of obedience. chan
● In this situation it refers to how close the
experimenter was to the participant. ● Obedience rates are often highest in ● In M
institutionalised setting where obedience to lab c
● Obedience was high in Milgram’s original study authority figures is instilled into members. thro
when the experimenter was in the same room as varia
the participant (65%) but was reduced when ● Milgram conducted a variation of his experiment in calle
Milgram asked the experimenter to give a rundown office block. In this variation, 48% of conf
instructions via the telephone rather than being in participants obeyed 450 volts, compared to 65% over
the same room as the participant (20.5%). obedience in the prestigious university first used. unifo
The legitimacy of the university increased the part
power and authority of the experimenter, as well
as the amount of trust the participants felt in them
- leading to higher obedience rates.
AO3:
Proximity Location Unif
P A weakness of proximity as an explanation of P A strength of location as an explanation of P A stre
obedience is that it is contradicted by research. obedience is there is research support from a highly obed
E For example, research found that over 95% of controlled study. E For e
nurses showed obedience when instructions were E When Milgram changed the location of his expe
delivered via phone call. experiment from Yale University to a run-down passe
E This suggests that in real life situations, authority office block, all other extraneous variables that rubb
figures can still have a very powerful influence on could affect obedience (distance between the parki
behaviour even from a distance. experimenter and participants, experimenter expe
L It would therefore appear that Milgram clothing etc) were kept the same. of pa
overestimated the extent to which placing the E This means it is possible to conclude with some In an
authority figure at a distance influences obedience. certainty that the fall in obedience in the run-down norm
office block was due to the change in location E This s
rather than any other factors. impo
L This increases the internal validity of the evidence rates
used to support location as an explanation of L This i
obedience and the validity of the explanation itself. that
Proximity: Location: Uniform
● Refers to the distance between people, objects or ● The location or setting of a situation or ● The
situations. environment can affect the ways a request is the p
viewed and therefore the likelihood of obedience. chan
● In this situation it refers to how close the
experimenter was to the participant. ● Obedience rates are often highest in ● In M
institutionalised setting where obedience to lab c
● Obedience was high in Milgram’s original study authority figures is instilled into members. thro
when the experimenter was in the same room as varia
the participant (65%) but was reduced when ● Milgram conducted a variation of his experiment in calle
Milgram asked the experimenter to give a rundown office block. In this variation, 48% of conf
instructions via the telephone rather than being in participants obeyed 450 volts, compared to 65% over
the same room as the participant (20.5%). obedience in the prestigious university first used. unifo
The legitimacy of the university increased the part
power and authority of the experimenter, as well
as the amount of trust the participants felt in them
- leading to higher obedience rates.
AO3:
Proximity Location Unif
P A weakness of proximity as an explanation of P A strength of location as an explanation of P A stre
obedience is that it is contradicted by research. obedience is there is research support from a highly obed
E For example, research found that over 95% of controlled study. E For e
nurses showed obedience when instructions were E When Milgram changed the location of his expe
delivered via phone call. experiment from Yale University to a run-down passe
E This suggests that in real life situations, authority office block, all other extraneous variables that rubb
figures can still have a very powerful influence on could affect obedience (distance between the parki
behaviour even from a distance. experimenter and participants, experimenter expe
L It would therefore appear that Milgram clothing etc) were kept the same. of pa
overestimated the extent to which placing the E This means it is possible to conclude with some In an
authority figure at a distance influences obedience. certainty that the fall in obedience in the run-down norm
office block was due to the change in location E This s
rather than any other factors. impo
L This increases the internal validity of the evidence rates
used to support location as an explanation of L This i
obedience and the validity of the explanation itself. that
