IBCLC Exam Practice Questions & Answers Latest Updated | Graded A+

BALT/GALT/MALT Correct Ans:- Bronchus/gut/mammary-associated immunocompetent lymphoid tissue. Intermammary pathway. IgA antibodies are transferred through breastmilk to the infant. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Basic research Correct Ans:- Research that generates knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Bed-sharing Correct Ans:- Sharing adult bed with baby. Questioned safety in reduction of SIDS. Safe bed sharing has been shown to extend the duration of breastfeeding. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 282-283. Bellagio Consensus Conference Correct Ans:- Meeting to develop protocol for the Lactational Amenorrhea Method of birth control. 1988. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 714-715. Beneficence Correct Ans:- The duty to do good. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 31. BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Correct Ans:- Initiative by UNICEF and WHO (1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The 10 Steps". Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online: Bioavailable Correct Ans:- The amount of a nutrient that is actually absorbed by the body. Nutrients found in breastmilk are easily absorbed by the infant's body. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Bisphenol A Correct Ans:- (BPA) organic compound found in plastics. Linked to disease in infants. Now banned. (BPA) organic compound found in plastics. Linked to disease in infants. Now banned. Bivariate Correct Ans:- Statistics derived from the analysis of the relationship between two variables. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Blessed thistle Correct Ans:- An herbal galactagogue. L3. Walker, 2009. Breastfeeding Management for the Clinician: Using the Evidence (2nd ed.), page 592. Bolus Correct Ans:- A quantity of medication given by IV, or a quantity of fluid (milk) given orally. Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Bradycardia Correct Ans:- Relatively slow heart rate. Opposite of tachycardia. Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary. Breastfeeding dyad Correct Ans:- A breastfeeding mother and baby. Buccal pads Correct Ans:- Fat pads on the masseter muscles in an infant's cheeks giving them a plump cheeked appearance. Provide stability for the tongue during suckling. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Calories in breastmilk Correct Ans:- Mature milk has approximately 20 cal/oz. Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 227. Candidiasis Correct Ans:- Fungal infection caused by Candida albicans; also called "thrush." Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Caput succedaneum Correct Ans:- Diffuse swelling or collection of serum under the scalp of the newborn from birth trauma. Differentiated from cephalhematoma by unrestriction by the sutures of the skull. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Casein Correct Ans:- The main protein in breastmilk. Creates the curd when digested in the infant stomach. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Walker, 2009. Breastfeeding Management for the Clinician: Using the Evidence (2nd ed.), page 26. Central pedicle technique Correct Ans:- Breast reduction surgical technique. Intended to keep ducts intact. Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 654. Cephalexin/Keflex Correct Ans:- Antibiotic, L1. Observe for change in intestinal flora; compatible. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 178. Cephalhematoma Correct Ans:- Collection of blood beneath the periosteum due to birth trauma; contrasted with caput succedaneum, where the effusion overlies the periosteum and consists of serum. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Chamomile Correct Ans:- A herb, L3. Used for anti-inflammatory, calminative, antispasmodic, milk sedative, and antiseptic properties. No concerns reported via breastmilk. Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 202. Chicken pox Correct Ans:- A virus infection, mothers can continue to breastfeed. Antibodies from her breastmilk provides immunity for the baby. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 202-203. Chi-square Correct Ans:- Statistical procedure that uses nominal level data and determines significant differences between observed frequencies in relation to data and expected frequencies. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864. Choanal atresia Correct Ans:- A rare congenital anomaly, blocked posterior nostrils on one or both sides. Feedings by mouth are either difficult or impossible. Surgery opens the airways. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 644. Chylothorax Correct Ans:- Congenital anomaly, obstruction of the lymphatic system. Chyle (lymphatic fluid) collects in the chest cavity and is drained via chest tubes. Managed by diet and medication. Fat free breastmilk has been used successfully. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 648-649. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Correct Ans:- Antibiotic, L3. Recently approved by AAP. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 178. Hale, 2010, Medications in Mothers' Milk. p. 224. Claritin/Loratadine Correct Ans:- Long-acting antihistamine, L1. Observe for sedation, dry mouth, and tachycardia. Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 617. CMV Cytomegalovirus Correct Ans:- Type of herpes virus found in human milk, genital tract, urine, and pharynx. Transmitted by close contact. Avoid pumping or breastfeeding in premature infants if mom has acute infection. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 204. Colic Correct Ans:- Syndrome in early infancy characterized by episodic loud crying, apparent abdominal pain (legs drawn up and rigid abdomen) and irritability. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 864-865. Colostrum Correct Ans:- First milk created during late pregnancy and early postpartum period. Has higher concentrations of immunoglobins, fat soluble vitamins and some minerals. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Comfrey Correct Ans:- An herbal poultice, L5. Is not considered safe due to alkaloids found in breastmilk after use. Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 259. Conceptual framework Correct Ans:- Structure of interrelated concepts that may be generated inductively by qualitative research to provide a base for quantitative study. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Congenital infection Correct Ans:- Infection existing at birth that was acquired via placenta. Includes HIV and TORCH organisms. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Conjunctivitis Correct Ans:- Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the eyelid. Sometimes treated with fresh breastmilk. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Construct Correct Ans:- Higher order theoretical or empirical idea or phenomenon that has abstract meaning and requires multiple concepts to represent it more concretely. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Contraception Correct Ans:- Preventing conception. Hormonal pill, barrier methods, intrauterine device. Breastfeeding can provide contraceptive protection. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Cooper's ligaments Correct Ans:- Also know as the "suspensory ligaments." Attaches the skin of the breast to the chest wall. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 82. Cord blood Correct Ans:- Blood remaining in the umbilical cord after birth. May be saved for later stem cell transplantation. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Correlation coefficient Correct Ans:- Statistic that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables. The range in value is +1.00 to -1.00; 0.0 indicates no relationship, +1.00 is a perfect positive relationship, and -1.00 is a perfect inverse relationship. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Creamotcrit Correct Ans:- The amount of cream in a milk sample. The amount of cream (fat) varies from mother to mother, feeding to feeding, and throughout the course of lactation. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Cross-nursing Correct Ans:- Informal, short term wet nursing. Typically seen in the context of child care. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Cultural competency Correct Ans:- Ability to understand, communicate, and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Four components: Awareness of one's own cultural worldview; attitude towards cultural differences; knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews; cross-cultural skills. Wikipedia. Cultural relativism Correct Ans:- Acknowledging the variation in beliefs and actions given to the behaviors of different cultures. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Culture Correct Ans:- The values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared by a group of people that guide the thoughts and behaviors of that group. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Cyanotic/Cyanosis Correct Ans:- Bluish coloring due to low oxygen levels. Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 296-296. Cytoprotective Correct Ans:- Protection from inflammation and death for cells. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 854. De- Correct Ans:- Latin word meaning "of" or "from." Wikipedia. Available online: Deductive reasoning Correct Ans:- Process of reasoning from a general premise to the concrete and specific. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. Deontology Correct Ans:- Approach to ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to rules. Described as duty or obligation, because rules 'binds you to your duty'. Wikipedia. Available online: Dependent variable Correct Ans:- Variable the investigator measures in response to the independent or treatment variable; the outcome variable that is affected by the independent variable. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 865. DHA & ARA Correct Ans:- Docosahexanoic acid and Arachidonic acid. Essential fatty acids known for improving visual acuity and cognitive ability. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 125-126. Diffusion Correct Ans:- Process by which the molecules of one substance (e.g., a drug) are spread uniformly throughout blood or plasma. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Dioxin Correct Ans:- Chemical contaminant in the environment. As dioxin levels increase, the EPA has still determined it safe for mothers to breastfeed in the United States. Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 369. Disaccharide Correct Ans:- Complex sugar consisting of two monosaccharides. Forms the principle sugar in breastmilk, known as lactose. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Distal Correct Ans:- Remote from the point of attachment or origin. Opposite of proximal. Wikitionary. Available online: Dong quai Correct Ans:- Herb contraindicated in lactation. Used to quell uterine cramps. Humphrey, 2003. The Nursing Mother's Herbal, page 239. Donor milk Correct Ans:- Human milk voluntarily given to a milk bank. Donor is screened, milk is pasteurized. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Dopamine Correct Ans:- A prolactin inhibiting factor. Decrease releases prolactin and milk production begins. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 88. Down Syndrome Correct Ans:- Duplication of the 21st chromosome. Characterized by epicanthal folds, a flat nasal bridge, broad hands and short fingers, a single crease in the upper palm (simian crease), a flattened forehead, small mouth, large tongue (macroglossia), and hypotonia. Some have congenital heart disease. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 636. DRGs Correct Ans:- Diagnostic Related Groups, used by insurance companies for reimbursement. Diagnostic Related Groups, used by insurance companies for reimbursement. Wikipedia. Drip milk Correct Ans:- Milk that leaks from the opposite breast during a feeding. This milk is low in fat. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Ductules Correct Ans:- The small ducts in the mammary gland that transfer the milk from the alveoli to the lactiferous ducts. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Echinacea Correct Ans:- Herbal immunostimulant, L3. Known for stimulating immune system and wound healing. No concerns reported via breastmilk. Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 348. Eczema Correct Ans:- A skin inflammation or rash. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Eminences of the pars villosa Correct Ans:- "Tiny swellings on the inner surfaces of the infant's lips that help the infant to retain a grasp on the breast during suckling." Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. EMM/EBM Correct Ans:- Expressed Mother's Milk/Expressed Breastmilk. Walker, 2009. Breastfeeding Management for the Clinician: Using the Evidence (2nd ed.), page 163. Endocrine control Correct Ans:- The point in lactation when milk supply is hormone driven. Milk will come in whether or not a mother is breastfeeding. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 92. Enteromammary system Correct Ans:- Antigens enter maternal gut, pass to the lymph system where IgA specific antibodies are produced, then enter breastmilk. Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 200, 206 Enveloped virus Correct Ans:- Virus that cannot infect other cells without a coat (envelope). If the envelope is destroyed (e.g., by heat or soap and water) it is unable to produce infection. Ex. Cytomegalovirus and the human immunodeficiency virus. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Epidemiology Correct Ans:- Study of the frequency and distribution of disease and the factors causing that frequency and distribution. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Epidural Correct Ans:- Analgesia for childbirth. Anesthesia is placed in the epidural space just outside of the dura mater. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 217. Epiglottis Correct Ans:- Cartilaginous structure of the larynx, just below the soft palate. When the infant swallows it closes the larynx maintaining passage of milk to the esophagus. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Estrogen Correct Ans:- This hormone dramatically drops after birth allowing milk production to begin. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 88. Ethical altruism Correct Ans:- Ethical doctrine that holds that individuals have a moral obligation to help, serve, or benefit others, if necessary at the sacrifice of self interest. Wikipedia. Ethical egoism Correct Ans:- Ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest. Wikipedia. Ethnocentrism Correct Ans:- Assessing other cultures based on how one's own culture defines appropriate behavior. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Ethnography Correct Ans:- A research method that attempts to understand the beliefs, practices, and behaviors of the culture of study from the perspective of those living within the culture. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 866. Exclusive Breastfeeding Correct Ans:- Feeding with only breastmilk, no supplements of water, glucose water, artificial breastmilk, or foods. Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 296-297. Exercise and breastfeeding Correct Ans:- Moderate exercise is fine. Exercise to exhaustion can increase lactic acid levels in milk and baby may refuse to breastfeed. Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 501. Exocytosis Correct Ans:- A cell releases secretory vesicles as in production of protein and lactose in the alveoli. Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. IBCLC Exam Questions & Answers Latest Updated | Graded A+.