NHS Pathways 111 Revision Exam with complete solutions

What is the priority when conduction a telephone assessment? - Answer- to establish if the patients condition is IMMEDIATELY life-threatening how long does it take for cells to die after not receiving oxygen? - Answer- 3-5 minutes what are the three essential things to keep the body supplied with oxygen? - Answer- Airway, Breathing and Circulation What does 'AIRWAY' mean in regards to ABC - Answer- A clear airway through which air, containing oxygen, can enter What does 'BREATHING' mean in regards to ABC - Answer- Air enters the lungs where oxygen passes into the body What does 'CIRCULATION' mean in regards to ABC - Answer- A pumping heart and enough blood to carry oxygen to the body. Anything blocking the passage of air can stop oxygen reaching the body, what are the 2 reasons that could cause this? - Answer- Choking and person is unconscious and tongue may flop back and block airway What reasons can cause a person to stop breathing? - Answer- blocked airway, heart attack, head/chest injury, drowning, severe allergy or poisoning True or false 'a person that stops breathing will become unconcious' - Answer- true what are signs that someone is not breathing? - Answer- skin may be pale, grey or blue chest not moving no breathing sounds what does the body need for circulation? - Answer- a pumping heart and enough blood what is shock? - Answer- a life-threatening condition when the cardiovascular system fails and is unable to circulate enough oxygen around the body. what are signs of shock? - Answer- collapsed - weak/unable to stand cold skin - wet and clammy paler skin - grey or blue what happens to blood when the body goes into shock? - Answer- diverts blood from the skin to more essential organs what are causes of shock? - Answer- severe blood loss, heavy fluid loss, failure of the heart, severe infections, low blood sugar, lack of certain hormones what is CPR? - Answer- cardiopulmonary resuscitation For every minute that CPR is delated, what happens to the survival rate? - Answer- reduction by 10% what is an AED? - Answer- automated external defibrillator What does an AED do? - Answer- diagnosis certain times of life-threatening problems with hearts rythnm, and treats these with an electric shock. What happens once an AED has given a shock? - Answer- it analyses the rhythm and either instructs CPR or another shock to be administered What is agonal breathing? - Answer- abnormal breathing pattern - slow, sometimes noisy, irregular breaths that occur every 10-15 seconds what can agonal breathing be described as?S - Answer- gasping, snorting, gurgling, funny noises what state will a person be in with agonal breathing? - Answer- collapsed and unconscious. what is step 1 of chain of survival? - Answer- early recognition and call for help what is step 2 of chain of survival? - Answer- early bystander CPR what is step 3 of chain of survival? - Answer- early defibrillation what is step 4 of chain of survival? - Answer- early advanced life support and standardised post-resuscitation care what are the most common causes of illness? - Answer- viral and bacterial infections what happens when viruses or bacteria invade the body and grow - Answer- side effects are produced that cause illness and damage what is the immune response to the body fighting off the invading germ - Answer- side effects such as swollen glands, high temperature, swelling or discharge occurs making us feel unwell what can be caused when an organ becomes weak or damaged? - Answer- illness what can be caused when cells grow abnormally? - Answer- illness what causes cancer to develop? - Answer- when body cells grow out of control and replace normal cells what is haemophilia - Answer- when the blood doesn't clot properly what does it mean if someone has a clotting problem? - Answer- they may need treatment more urgently why does a person immune system attack the persons own body? - Answer- if the immune system cells lose their ability to tell the difference between normal tissue and germs that may be causing problems what is an acute illness? - Answer- start suddenly and are short lived what is a chronic illness - Answer- persist over a long period of time, gradual symptoms appear and may get worse despite treatment what is an injury/trauma? - Answer- when the body has been physically hurt what is a penetrating injury? - Answer- there is a break in the skin or other body surface what is a blunt injury? - Answer- the skin or other body surface has not been broken but damage has still occurred what is the most common cause of death in children? - Answer- injuries what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- Major burns - large area of skin, to face with soot or swelling around nose/mouth, inhalation of hot fumes or gases, any burn that goes right around body or limb. what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- major wounds - gunshot, stab, large deep wounds, surface wounds, amputation what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- injuries caused by traffic collisions what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- injuries caused by serious assult what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- suffocation and strangulation - even if removed what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- suicide attempts or multiple/varied self harm injuries what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- near drowning what injuries may have a life-threatening and serious consequences? - Answer- knocked over by a blastt what injuries may have a life-threate