Understanding Psychology 9th Edition Morris Test Bank

Understanding Psychology 9th Edition Morris Test Bank. A young man from Colorado, in order to attract the favor of the actress Jodie Foster, with whom he was infatuated, attempted to assassinate the president of the United States. Of the following mental health professionals, ________ psychologists would probably have the LEAST interest in that event. a. social b. personality c. counseling Incorrect: A counseling psychologist might be interested in the psychopathological processes that led this individual to be so motivated that he would commit such an extreme act to win the affections of a woman. d. experimental Correct: Experimental psychologists tend to be interested in pure research. The applications of that research, however, are often left to other psychology professionals. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 88% r = .22; 2 yr.: 97% r = - .08 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 25. Researchers have found that many marriages fail because the partners bring unrealistic expectations with them into the marriage. The partners then blame each other for not meeting those expectations. Of the following mental health professionals, ________ psychologists would probably be the LEAST interested in these findings. a. clinical b. counseling c. personality Incorrect: A personality psychologist might be very interested in the processes that make couples successful or unsuccessful in relationships based on different personality tendencies. Full file at d. experimental Correct: Experimental psychologists tend to be interested in pure research. The applications of that research, however, are often left to other psychology professionals. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 26. A group of psychologists study how people influence one another, exploring issues such as first impressions, interpersonal attraction, and how attitudes are formed and maintained. These psychologists are most likely ________ psychologists. a. developmental b. experimental c. social d. personality Answer: c Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 27. Researchers have found that people tend to be less inhibited in their behavior and take greater risks when they are in a group than when they are alone. Of the following mental health professionals, ________ psychologists would probably have the MOST interest in these findings. a. experimental b. personality Incorrect: The individual tendencies noted in this question would be of interest to a personality psychologist, but the different tendencies demonstrated in a group versus solo setting make the best answer a social psychologist. c. developmental d. social Correct: The ways in which individuals impact each others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions are of interest to social psychologists. Answer: d Difficulty: 1 2 yr.: 80% r = .29; 4 yr.: 55% r = .03 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 28. A group of psychologists study the biological basis of human behavior, thoughts and emotions. They are most likely ________ psychologists. Full file at a. clinical b. physiological c. psychometric d. experimental Answer: b Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 29. Neuropsychology, psychobiology, and behavioral genetics are specialty areas within the field of psychology known as ________ psychology. a. experimental b. physiological c. psychometric d. clinical Answer: b Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 30. Each of the following is a specialty area within the field of physiological psychology EXCEPT ________. a. experimental psychology b. neuropsychology c. behavioral genetics d. psychobiology Answer: a Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 31. Researchers have found that Parkinson's disease is related to deficiencies in the production of the chemical dopamine in the brain. Of the following professionals, ________ psychologists would probably be MOST interested in these findings. a. clinical Incorrect: A clinical psychologist might have a great deal of interest in the results of this research, but the research is of most use to a physiological psychologist. b. experimental c. physiological Full file at Correct: A neuropsychologist, who is a type of physiological psychologist, would be very interested in these brain mechanisms’ contribution to Parkinson’s disease. d. psychometric Answer: c Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 32. In recent years, several Japanese automobile companies have opened manufacturing plants in the United States, bringing Japanese management practices with them. For the most part, American workers at these plants have refused to unionize in the traditional American mold, preferring to work under the Japanese model. Of the following mental health professionals, ________ psychologists would probably be MOST interested in these events. a. developmental b. industrial/organizational Correct: I/O psychologists are interested in the application of psychological principles in the workplace. c. social Incorrect: The interaction of two different groups would be of interest to a social psychologist, but the added dimension of making the workplace more successful and productive makes this example most relevant to an I/O psychologist. d. experimental Answer: b Difficulty: 1 2 yr.: 79% r = .30; 2 yr.: 82% r = .23 Page Reference: 5-6 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 33. A group of psychologists seeks to determine in advance who will be effective as a salesperson, as an airline pilot, or in any other career. They are most likely to be ________ psychologists. a. social b. developmental c. industrial/organizational Correct: In addition to other skills, an I/O psychologist is trained in methods to assess workplace success in different fields. d. experimental Incorrect: An experimental psychologist might help develop research methods to test occupational success, but the prediction of success at specific jobs would be of greater interest to an I/O psychologist. Answer: c Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5-6 Full file at Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 34. A young man is suspected of blowing up a Federal building in Oklahoma City in order to get even with the Federal government for its actions two years earlier against the Branch Davidian cult in Waco, Texas. Of the following professionals, ________ psychologists would probably have the LEAST interest in that event. a. social b. personality Incorrect: A personality psychologist would surely be interested in knowing the various contributions to this man’s violent and angry tendencies. c. industrial/organizational Correct: I/O psychologists are interested in applying psychology to the workplace. This case would not be of interest to that type of professional. d. counseling Answer: c Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5-6 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 35. Each of the following is one of five enduring issues that draws psychologists together EXCEPT ________. a. mind-body b. stability-change c. diversity-universality d. situation-group Answer: d Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 6-7 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: F 36. Psychologists use the scientific method to do each of the following EXCEPT ________ what they study. a. predict b. describe c. control d. circumvent Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 8 Topic: What Is Psychology? Full file at Skill: F 37. A systematic explanation of a phenomenon that organizes known facts, allows the prediction of new facts, and permits a degree of control over the new phenomenon is known as a ________. a. hypothesis b. theory c. postulate d. principle Answer: b Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 8 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: C 38. Wilhelm runs an experiment and finds that males with high levels of testosterone tend to be more physically aggressive than males with lower levels of testosterone. This leads him to believe that testosterone has a direct effect on physical aggression in males. Wilhelm's belief is BEST described as a ________. a. thesis b. prognosis c. theory Correct: Wilhelm’s proposed explanation is based on the data that was collected in his experiment. That is the essence of a theory. d. hypothesis Incorrect: Wilhelm’s assumptions of the relationship between aggression and testosterone that were made before gathering the data from his experiment would be a hypothesis, which is also an educated guess. Answer: c Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 8 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 39. A specific, testable prediction about a phenomenon, usually derived from a theory, is a ________. a. prognosis b. theory c. principle d. hypothesis Answer: d Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 8 Topic: What Is Psychology? Full file at Skill: F 40. A teacher suspects that her students are unusually quiet during her Monday morning classes because they stay up late on Sunday nights. She believes that if she monitored the times they went to bed, she would find that the sleepy ones went to bed later than the more alert ones. In scientific terms, her hunch, or suspicion of what she would find if she monitored her students is called a ________. a. hypothesis Correct: A hypothesis is an educated guess based on theory and past experiences. b. postulate c. theory Incorrect: A theory is generated when one gathers data and tests a hypothesis empirically. In this case, the teacher has posed a hypothesis. d. prognosis Answer: a Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 8 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: A 41. The term "psychology" is defined by your text as the "science of behavior and mental processes." According to your text, the key word in that definition is ________. a. processes b. mental c. behavior Incorrect: The study of behaviors is extremely important, but unless that study is scientific the results have no real meaning or value. d. science Correct: Psychology has rules by which questions are asked and answered. These rules are the foundation of all scientific endeavors. Answer: d Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 8 Topic: What Is Psychology? Skill: C 42. Psychologists use techniques based on ________. a. deductive reasoning b. objective introspection c. inductive reasoning d. the scientific method