CCI RCS Study Guide 2023 Studying Material With Complete Solutions Verified 100%

Cavitation Is - The Creation Or Vibration Of Small Gas Filled Bodies By the ultrasound beam. (Tends to occur only with higher-intensity exposures. The 6 intensities from highest to lowest are - 1.) SPTP 4.) SATP 2.)SPPA 5.) SAPA 3.)SPTA 6.) SATA What tricuspid valve leaflets are noted in PLAX? - Anterior and medial/septal posterior. Formula for calculating EF? - EF% = (sv/edv) x 100% Stroke Volume (SV) formula - EDV - ESV What is stroke volume (SV)? - Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single heart beat. What is the chiari network? - Network of fibers originating from eustachian valve. Where can the chiari network be found - Right atria What is the most anterior chamber of the heart? - Right ventricle Which pair of intensities has the lowest value? - SATA (spatial average and temporal average) Where is the Eustachian valve located ? - In between the IVC and the right atrium. What's another name for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) ? - Infundibulum Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta? - Anterior The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are? - Anterior Medial Posterior What's the two main layers of the pericardium? - 1.) Visceral = lies directly upon external surface of the heart and is commonly referred to as the epicardium. 2,) Parietal = or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac. *The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers. What is the normal pressure for the right ventricle ? - 25/5 mmHg What is the normal pressure for the pulmonary artery? - 25/10 mmHg What is the normal pressure for the left atrium? - 10mmHg What is the normal pressure for the aorta ? - 120/80 mmHg What are the two cusps of the mitral valve ? - Anterior (long) and the posterior (short) When is the left ventricular pressure the lowest? - Early diastole What is Becks Triad and what does it cause? - AKA cardiac tamponade. Causes an elevated pressure in heart, hypotension and a quiet heart What are the effects of pulmonary HTN ? - Dilated pulmonary artery Severe TR RV dilation What happens to the size of an aneurysm during systole? - It increases In patients with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing ? - Fourth What is the normal O2 saturation of the left heart ? - 98% What is cardiac output? - It is the total amount of blood ejected per minute. *cardiac output = stroke volume x HR *normal cardiac output = 4-8 liters/minute Effects of left side heart failure - Blood backs up to lungs and patient has shortness of breath What part of the heart is affected when there is pulmonary edema ? - Left side of heart What is the primary cause of Congestive Heart Failure? - Systolic dysfunction. What part of the heart is affected when there is peripheral edema? - Right side of the heart When the foremen ovale closes after birth due to increased left atrial pressure the spot it was located is now called? - Fossa ovalis Mitral regurge hemodynamic evaluation is done in ? - Systole Aortic stenosis evaluation is done in? - Systole Tricuspid stenosis evaluation is done in ? - Diastole What is Dresslers syndrome ? - Pericardial effusion after myocardial infarction Is left atrial thrombus common in patients with mitral stenosis? - Yes, especially in appendage What are 3 factors affecting stroke volume? - Preload, after-load, contractility What is fractional shortening? - It is the fraction of any diastolic dimension that is lost in systole. *normal range = 25-45% If a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml and a heart rate of 90bpm what would be their cardiac output? - Cardiac Output= Stroke volume x heart rate 70ml x 90bpm = 630ml/minute What is QP and QS? - QP= pulmonary circulatory flow QS= systemic circulatory flow Atrial septal defect surgery is mainly considered when the QP/QS ratio exceed? - 1:5 *normal = 1:1 What are the 2 most common encountered congenital heart lesions diagnosed in adults ? - Atrial septal defect Bicuspid aortic valve What chamber of the heart would be greater affected in patients with ventricular septal defects and left to right shunting? - Right atrium A patient with a higher blood pressure in the right arm than the left arm may have? - Coarctation of aorta How is a 2-d image of a phased array transducer created? - Sequentially activating a series of adjacent crystals to angular the ultrasound beam What is a heterograph/ xenograph? - Other names of bioprosthetic valves transferred from animals to humans. What are three types of bioprosthetic valves? - Mechanical Bovine Porcine What is a porcine bioprosthetic valve? - A heart valve from a pig