Inhoud
hoofdstuk 1 Psychologie als wetenschap..................................................................................................................5
wat is psychologie.....................................................................................................................................................5
1 kenmerken van de wetenschap.............................................................................................................................5
3 methoden...............................................................................................................................................................6
4 disciplines...............................................................................................................................................................8
hoofdstuk 2 Psychotherapie......................................................................................................................................8
1 Dodo bird verdict....................................................................................................................................................8
1.1 common factor theory....................................................................................................................................8
1.2 placebo............................................................................................................................................................9
2 dodo bird myth.......................................................................................................................................................9
3 Evidence-Based......................................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs)...................................................................................................................9
3.2 Empirically Supported Treatments (EST)......................................................................................................10
4 EMDR (eye movement desensitiation and reprocessing)....................................................................................10
5 Aan verbetering toe.............................................................................................................................................10
6 indeling en verdeling............................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Wie?...............................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 wat?...............................................................................................................................................................10
6.3 integratief......................................................................................................................................................11
6.4 online- of internet therapie...........................................................................................................................11
6.5 kritisch tegenover de psychiatrie..................................................................................................................12
6.6 patient en client............................................................................................................................................12
hoofdsruk 3 psychoanalyse.....................................................................................................................................12
1 wat ervoor kwam.................................................................................................................................................12
2 theorien en concepten.........................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Psychoseksuele fasen....................................................................................................................................13
2.2 Persoonlijkheidsstructuur.............................................................................................................................14
2.3 onbewuste.....................................................................................................................................................14
2.4 Analytische kuur............................................................................................................................................15
3 afweermechanismen............................................................................................................................................15
4 volgelingen of net niet?........................................................................................................................................16
5 aantrekkingskracht...............................................................................................................................................18
6 kritieken................................................................................................................................................................19
hoofdstuk 4 Behaviorisme (stimulus respons psychologie)....................................................................................19
klassieke conditionering – black-box visie..............................................................................................................19
1
,1 situering................................................................................................................................................................19
2 kenmerken............................................................................................................................................................19
3 Klassieke conditionering.......................................................................................................................................20
3.1 stimulussubstitutie........................................................................................................................................21
3.2 Little Albert....................................................................................................................................................21
3.3 kenmerken klassieke conditionering.............................................................................................................22
3.4 toepassingen.................................................................................................................................................24
3.6 methodieken.................................................................................................................................................24
hoofdstuk 5 Humanistische psychologie.................................................................................................................25
1 uitgangspunten.....................................................................................................................................................25
2 invloeden..............................................................................................................................................................26
3 Carl rogers............................................................................................................................................................26
4 Client-centered therapy.......................................................................................................................................27
4.1 beschrijving....................................................................................................................................................27
4.2 basishouding..................................................................................................................................................27
4.3 focussen.........................................................................................................................................................28
5 Thomas Gordon....................................................................................................................................................28
5.1 behoefteconflict............................................................................................................................................28
5.2 waardenconflict en overlegmodel................................................................................................................30
6 toepassingen........................................................................................................................................................30
6.1 opvoeden.......................................................................................................................................................30
6.2 opvoeden in onderwijs..................................................................................................................................31
6.3 Validation methode.......................................................................................................................................31
6.4 Gentle teaching.............................................................................................................................................31
7 Abraham Maslow.................................................................................................................................................31
7.1 Behoeftepiramide..........................................................................................................................................31
7.2 ERG-theorie...................................................................................................................................................32
hoofdstuk 7 systeemdenken...................................................................................................................................32
hoofdstuk 9 Cognitieve psychologie.......................................................................................................................39
1 cognitie (geheugen)..............................................................................................................................................39
1.1 inner speech..................................................................................................................................................39
1.2 Latent leren: experiment Tolman.................................................................................................................39
1.2 Attributie en labelen......................................................................................................................................40
2 GGT – RE(B)T – G-denken.....................................................................................................................................40
3.1 cognitieve gedragstherapie...........................................................................................................................40
3.2 RET/REBT.......................................................................................................................................................41
3 Schematherapie...................................................................................................................................................42
2
, 3.1 Schema’s........................................................................................................................................................43
3.2 Modi..............................................................................................................................................................43
4 Methodieken........................................................................................................................................................44
4.1 cognitieve herstructurering...........................................................................................................................44
4.2 socratische dialoog........................................................................................................................................47
4.3 zelfinstructietraining.....................................................................................................................................47
4.4 psycho-educatie............................................................................................................................................48
4.5 exposure........................................................................................................................................................48
4.6 Re-scripting....................................................................................................................................................48
4.6 het gedragsexperiment.................................................................................................................................48
hoofdstuk 10 gedragstherapie van de derde generatie.........................................................................................48
1 mindfulness..........................................................................................................................................................49
1.1 mindfulness based cognitieve therapy (mbct)..............................................................................................49
1.2 wetenschappelijk en geopulariseerd............................................................................................................49
2 dialectische gedragstherapie (DGT).....................................................................................................................50
2.1 Dialectisch.....................................................................................................................................................50
2.2 Methodieken.................................................................................................................................................50
2.3 Acceptatie and commitment therapy...........................................................................................................51
Hoofdstuk 11 narratieve psychologie.....................................................................................................................52
1 White & Epston....................................................................................................................................................53
2 Methodieken........................................................................................................................................................53
2.1 Re-authoring conversations..........................................................................................................................53
2.2 Re-membering conversations.......................................................................................................................53
2.3 Outsider witnesses en de definitional ceremony..........................................................................................54
2.4 Brieven en certificaten..................................................................................................................................54
2.5 Externalising conversations...........................................................................................................................54
2.6 Unieke ervaringen en steigerbouwende gesprekken...................................................................................54
3 Toepassingen........................................................................................................................................................55
3.1 Narratieve exposure therapie.......................................................................................................................55
3.2 Reminiscentie in de ouderenzorg.................................................................................................................55
3.3 Multi family therapy......................................................................................................................................55
3.4 Reflecting team.............................................................................................................................................55
4 Postmodern..........................................................................................................................................................55
hoofdstuk 12 oplossingsgerichte psychologie........................................................................................................55
1 De Shazer en Berg................................................................................................................................................56
2 uitgangspunten of methodieken..........................................................................................................................56
2.1 client..............................................................................................................................................................56
3
, 2.2 hulpverlener, coach.......................................................................................................................................56
2.3 hulpvraag en diagnostiek..............................................................................................................................56
2.4 oplossingen....................................................................................................................................................56
2.5 uitzonderingen..............................................................................................................................................57
2.6 wondervraag.................................................................................................................................................57
2.7 de schaalvraag...............................................................................................................................................58
2.8 verandereing en doelgericht handelen.........................................................................................................58
2.9 gesprekstechnieken.......................................................................................................................................59
2.10 de relatie.....................................................................................................................................................59
2.11 tijdsperspectief............................................................................................................................................60
3 andere stromingen...............................................................................................................................................60
4 tijdgeest................................................................................................................................................................60
5 bemerkingen/kritische blik...................................................................................................................................60
hoofdstuk 13 positieve psychologie........................................................................................................................60
1 Seligman...............................................................................................................................................................60
2 Csikszentmihalyi...................................................................................................................................................61
3 minder optimistisch..............................................................................................................................................61
hoofdstuk 14 evolutiepsychologie..........................................................................................................................61
1 evolutieleer...........................................................................................................................................................61
1.1 natuurlijke selectie........................................................................................................................................61
1.2 fitness............................................................................................................................................................64
1.3 environment en evolutionary adaptedness..................................................................................................64
1.4 mismatch.......................................................................................................................................................64
2 evolutionaire visie op de psyche..........................................................................................................................65
3 seksuele selectie...................................................................................................................................................66
4 kritiek en bespreking............................................................................................................................................67
hoofdstuk 15 neuropsychologie..............................................................................................................................67
1 wat is klinische neuropsychologie?......................................................................................................................67
1.1 neuropsychologische diagnostiek.................................................................................................................67
1.2 Verschillende psychologische factoren.........................................................................................................68
2 wat is neuroplaticiteit?.........................................................................................................................................68
4
hoofdstuk 1 Psychologie als wetenschap..................................................................................................................5
wat is psychologie.....................................................................................................................................................5
1 kenmerken van de wetenschap.............................................................................................................................5
3 methoden...............................................................................................................................................................6
4 disciplines...............................................................................................................................................................8
hoofdstuk 2 Psychotherapie......................................................................................................................................8
1 Dodo bird verdict....................................................................................................................................................8
1.1 common factor theory....................................................................................................................................8
1.2 placebo............................................................................................................................................................9
2 dodo bird myth.......................................................................................................................................................9
3 Evidence-Based......................................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs)...................................................................................................................9
3.2 Empirically Supported Treatments (EST)......................................................................................................10
4 EMDR (eye movement desensitiation and reprocessing)....................................................................................10
5 Aan verbetering toe.............................................................................................................................................10
6 indeling en verdeling............................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Wie?...............................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 wat?...............................................................................................................................................................10
6.3 integratief......................................................................................................................................................11
6.4 online- of internet therapie...........................................................................................................................11
6.5 kritisch tegenover de psychiatrie..................................................................................................................12
6.6 patient en client............................................................................................................................................12
hoofdsruk 3 psychoanalyse.....................................................................................................................................12
1 wat ervoor kwam.................................................................................................................................................12
2 theorien en concepten.........................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Psychoseksuele fasen....................................................................................................................................13
2.2 Persoonlijkheidsstructuur.............................................................................................................................14
2.3 onbewuste.....................................................................................................................................................14
2.4 Analytische kuur............................................................................................................................................15
3 afweermechanismen............................................................................................................................................15
4 volgelingen of net niet?........................................................................................................................................16
5 aantrekkingskracht...............................................................................................................................................18
6 kritieken................................................................................................................................................................19
hoofdstuk 4 Behaviorisme (stimulus respons psychologie)....................................................................................19
klassieke conditionering – black-box visie..............................................................................................................19
1
,1 situering................................................................................................................................................................19
2 kenmerken............................................................................................................................................................19
3 Klassieke conditionering.......................................................................................................................................20
3.1 stimulussubstitutie........................................................................................................................................21
3.2 Little Albert....................................................................................................................................................21
3.3 kenmerken klassieke conditionering.............................................................................................................22
3.4 toepassingen.................................................................................................................................................24
3.6 methodieken.................................................................................................................................................24
hoofdstuk 5 Humanistische psychologie.................................................................................................................25
1 uitgangspunten.....................................................................................................................................................25
2 invloeden..............................................................................................................................................................26
3 Carl rogers............................................................................................................................................................26
4 Client-centered therapy.......................................................................................................................................27
4.1 beschrijving....................................................................................................................................................27
4.2 basishouding..................................................................................................................................................27
4.3 focussen.........................................................................................................................................................28
5 Thomas Gordon....................................................................................................................................................28
5.1 behoefteconflict............................................................................................................................................28
5.2 waardenconflict en overlegmodel................................................................................................................30
6 toepassingen........................................................................................................................................................30
6.1 opvoeden.......................................................................................................................................................30
6.2 opvoeden in onderwijs..................................................................................................................................31
6.3 Validation methode.......................................................................................................................................31
6.4 Gentle teaching.............................................................................................................................................31
7 Abraham Maslow.................................................................................................................................................31
7.1 Behoeftepiramide..........................................................................................................................................31
7.2 ERG-theorie...................................................................................................................................................32
hoofdstuk 7 systeemdenken...................................................................................................................................32
hoofdstuk 9 Cognitieve psychologie.......................................................................................................................39
1 cognitie (geheugen)..............................................................................................................................................39
1.1 inner speech..................................................................................................................................................39
1.2 Latent leren: experiment Tolman.................................................................................................................39
1.2 Attributie en labelen......................................................................................................................................40
2 GGT – RE(B)T – G-denken.....................................................................................................................................40
3.1 cognitieve gedragstherapie...........................................................................................................................40
3.2 RET/REBT.......................................................................................................................................................41
3 Schematherapie...................................................................................................................................................42
2
, 3.1 Schema’s........................................................................................................................................................43
3.2 Modi..............................................................................................................................................................43
4 Methodieken........................................................................................................................................................44
4.1 cognitieve herstructurering...........................................................................................................................44
4.2 socratische dialoog........................................................................................................................................47
4.3 zelfinstructietraining.....................................................................................................................................47
4.4 psycho-educatie............................................................................................................................................48
4.5 exposure........................................................................................................................................................48
4.6 Re-scripting....................................................................................................................................................48
4.6 het gedragsexperiment.................................................................................................................................48
hoofdstuk 10 gedragstherapie van de derde generatie.........................................................................................48
1 mindfulness..........................................................................................................................................................49
1.1 mindfulness based cognitieve therapy (mbct)..............................................................................................49
1.2 wetenschappelijk en geopulariseerd............................................................................................................49
2 dialectische gedragstherapie (DGT).....................................................................................................................50
2.1 Dialectisch.....................................................................................................................................................50
2.2 Methodieken.................................................................................................................................................50
2.3 Acceptatie and commitment therapy...........................................................................................................51
Hoofdstuk 11 narratieve psychologie.....................................................................................................................52
1 White & Epston....................................................................................................................................................53
2 Methodieken........................................................................................................................................................53
2.1 Re-authoring conversations..........................................................................................................................53
2.2 Re-membering conversations.......................................................................................................................53
2.3 Outsider witnesses en de definitional ceremony..........................................................................................54
2.4 Brieven en certificaten..................................................................................................................................54
2.5 Externalising conversations...........................................................................................................................54
2.6 Unieke ervaringen en steigerbouwende gesprekken...................................................................................54
3 Toepassingen........................................................................................................................................................55
3.1 Narratieve exposure therapie.......................................................................................................................55
3.2 Reminiscentie in de ouderenzorg.................................................................................................................55
3.3 Multi family therapy......................................................................................................................................55
3.4 Reflecting team.............................................................................................................................................55
4 Postmodern..........................................................................................................................................................55
hoofdstuk 12 oplossingsgerichte psychologie........................................................................................................55
1 De Shazer en Berg................................................................................................................................................56
2 uitgangspunten of methodieken..........................................................................................................................56
2.1 client..............................................................................................................................................................56
3
, 2.2 hulpverlener, coach.......................................................................................................................................56
2.3 hulpvraag en diagnostiek..............................................................................................................................56
2.4 oplossingen....................................................................................................................................................56
2.5 uitzonderingen..............................................................................................................................................57
2.6 wondervraag.................................................................................................................................................57
2.7 de schaalvraag...............................................................................................................................................58
2.8 verandereing en doelgericht handelen.........................................................................................................58
2.9 gesprekstechnieken.......................................................................................................................................59
2.10 de relatie.....................................................................................................................................................59
2.11 tijdsperspectief............................................................................................................................................60
3 andere stromingen...............................................................................................................................................60
4 tijdgeest................................................................................................................................................................60
5 bemerkingen/kritische blik...................................................................................................................................60
hoofdstuk 13 positieve psychologie........................................................................................................................60
1 Seligman...............................................................................................................................................................60
2 Csikszentmihalyi...................................................................................................................................................61
3 minder optimistisch..............................................................................................................................................61
hoofdstuk 14 evolutiepsychologie..........................................................................................................................61
1 evolutieleer...........................................................................................................................................................61
1.1 natuurlijke selectie........................................................................................................................................61
1.2 fitness............................................................................................................................................................64
1.3 environment en evolutionary adaptedness..................................................................................................64
1.4 mismatch.......................................................................................................................................................64
2 evolutionaire visie op de psyche..........................................................................................................................65
3 seksuele selectie...................................................................................................................................................66
4 kritiek en bespreking............................................................................................................................................67
hoofdstuk 15 neuropsychologie..............................................................................................................................67
1 wat is klinische neuropsychologie?......................................................................................................................67
1.1 neuropsychologische diagnostiek.................................................................................................................67
1.2 Verschillende psychologische factoren.........................................................................................................68
2 wat is neuroplaticiteit?.........................................................................................................................................68
4
