Naplex Study Guide Key Points QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Renal Disease correct answer: Common Causes -*DM* -*HTN* AKI -*sudden* loss of kidney function -commonly caused by *dehyration* -*BUN:SCr ration > 20:1* CKD -*progressive* loss of kidney function -*GFR or CrCl* < 60 -*albuminurua * > 30 or more albumin spilling into urine -*treat* with ACE or ARB (*if Scr increased up to 30% do not stop tx*) ESRD -*permanent kidney function* Renal Physiology -*to control sodium and water* to regulate *blood volume* and *blood pressure* Glomerulus -most *drugs* pass through glomerulus into filtrate and excreted through urine. but if too large (protein bound drugs) can not pass and they *stay in the blood* Proximal Tubule = closest to Bowmans capsule -*blood pH* is regulated by exchange of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions -*SGLT drugs work here* FYI Loop of Henle = *H20 reabsorption* *Ascendling* Limb = *loop drugs = inhibit Na-K pump* (loops can cause *Ca depletion and lead to decreased bone density* Distal Convoluted Tubule -*thiazides* = *inhibit Na-Cl pump* (increase Ca) Collecting Duct -*aldosterone antagonists = * decrease Na and water reabsorption and increase K* (ex. spironolactone and eplerenone) Drugs that can Cause Kidney Disease correct answer: Commit these to Memory! Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Amphotericin B Cisplatin Cyclosporine Tacrolimus