, A-11115813ASIS
(/D- a proton ( Ht) donor All acids ionise in water .
to
produce BAG[ '
a proton CH )
"
acceptor .
All bases form hydroxide ions COHT
hydronium ions CH >0+1 . when they dissociate / ionia in
aqueous solution
STRONG HAD -
ionises completely in an
aqueous solution .
( single arrows) .
STRONG BASE _
Dissociates almost completely in an equeous solution
Hsotcaq) )
Hclcaa, Hydrochloric eg Group hydroxides NaOH
acid
-
> U 1 metal
eg .
+
H2O cel +
Caa, . C Li OH , ,
KOH ,
Rb OH , Cs OH
HNO > can +
Hzoce)
>
Hsotcaa, + NO ] caal
-
Nitric acid WÉAK BASE _
Only dissociates Cor ionised partially in an aqueous solution
It 30
"
5042 Sulfuric acid Ammonia ( NH )) NH 4 NHGOH
-
>
Hzsocicaq) + 2h20 G) caq)
+
caal eg .
, or
AKA / / D- Only ionises partially in an
aqueous solution ( double arrows ) NH > cop + H2O (e)
<
> NH 4- coral
'
+ OH
_
Cag)
<
hydrogen
+
eg Hfcaa).
+ H2O 6) >
1-130 Cag )
-1 F- Cag ) Hydrofluoric acid eg . Metal carbonates ( Naxos) and Metal carbonates CLIHCO ])
<
Ethanoic acid [ vinegar ) A Monobasic base KOH)
-
CH ] COOH can + H2O 6) > Hsotcaq) + CHI COO can can accept one proton per molecule leg .
A Mono profit acid can donate one proton per molecule ceg.HU , HN Os ) A Dibasic base can accept two protons per molecule leg .ca (011-12)
A Poly pro tic acid can donate more than one
proton per molecule leg . Hz 504 )
-
Diprohi can donate two protons ceg Hasan.
|)) )) f) ( / AT / ON '
the splitting of an ionic compound into in ions ( single arrow)
""
Nat
_
NaOH is)
-
Trip otic can donate three protons leg . Hsp 04 ) eg .
>
caq )
+ OH Cag ) Sodium hydroxide
I
Don't show water as a reactant
/ON /SAT / ON -
the reaction of a molecular substance with wahe to produce ions
'
show charges S state symbol Caa) on the ions
STRENGTH -
refers to the ability of an acid to ionia or a base to dissociate or ionise CONDUCTIVITY -
Acids and bases conduct electricity due to the presence of free ions The .
CONCENTRATION -
refers to the amount of water present higher the concentration of free ions the higher the conductivity ,
therefore for
,
A CONCENTRATED acid or base contains a relatively small amount ol water solutions of equal concentrations strong acids or bases are more conductive .
A DILUTE acid or base contains a
relatively large amount ol water
CONJUGATE ACID-BASE PAIRS
When H+ The U
-
an acid donates a proton what ,
is left behind is known as the conjugate base eg.HU > + 6- ,
ion is left allow the acid has donated its proton
Note : A strong acid has a very weak conjugate base cg.cl
'
is the weak conjugate base at the strong acid CHAI i. it will not
readily accept a
proton since HU remains
fully ionized
' "
from the acid ' "
to find the conjugate base of a certain acid remove one H to find the conjugate acid of a certain base add one H from the base
AMPHOTERIC SUBSTANCE _
a substance mat can auras either an acid or a base ccs.H20.Hcoi.Hsoi.it
labelling conjugate acid-base pairs in a
proteolysis ( complete acid base reaction
-
involving the transfer of a proton ) reaction :
① ② Label donor )
Identify 2 pairs ( looks similar except for Ht ) the chemical species with more
hydrogens as the acid ( proton
pair I
- -
HCl + H2O > It got +
Ce
bz bi
ai a2
↳
acid + base acid + base
Tax
(/D- a proton ( Ht) donor All acids ionise in water .
to
produce BAG[ '
a proton CH )
"
acceptor .
All bases form hydroxide ions COHT
hydronium ions CH >0+1 . when they dissociate / ionia in
aqueous solution
STRONG HAD -
ionises completely in an
aqueous solution .
( single arrows) .
STRONG BASE _
Dissociates almost completely in an equeous solution
Hsotcaq) )
Hclcaa, Hydrochloric eg Group hydroxides NaOH
acid
-
> U 1 metal
eg .
+
H2O cel +
Caa, . C Li OH , ,
KOH ,
Rb OH , Cs OH
HNO > can +
Hzoce)
>
Hsotcaa, + NO ] caal
-
Nitric acid WÉAK BASE _
Only dissociates Cor ionised partially in an aqueous solution
It 30
"
5042 Sulfuric acid Ammonia ( NH )) NH 4 NHGOH
-
>
Hzsocicaq) + 2h20 G) caq)
+
caal eg .
, or
AKA / / D- Only ionises partially in an
aqueous solution ( double arrows ) NH > cop + H2O (e)
<
> NH 4- coral
'
+ OH
_
Cag)
<
hydrogen
+
eg Hfcaa).
+ H2O 6) >
1-130 Cag )
-1 F- Cag ) Hydrofluoric acid eg . Metal carbonates ( Naxos) and Metal carbonates CLIHCO ])
<
Ethanoic acid [ vinegar ) A Monobasic base KOH)
-
CH ] COOH can + H2O 6) > Hsotcaq) + CHI COO can can accept one proton per molecule leg .
A Mono profit acid can donate one proton per molecule ceg.HU , HN Os ) A Dibasic base can accept two protons per molecule leg .ca (011-12)
A Poly pro tic acid can donate more than one
proton per molecule leg . Hz 504 )
-
Diprohi can donate two protons ceg Hasan.
|)) )) f) ( / AT / ON '
the splitting of an ionic compound into in ions ( single arrow)
""
Nat
_
NaOH is)
-
Trip otic can donate three protons leg . Hsp 04 ) eg .
>
caq )
+ OH Cag ) Sodium hydroxide
I
Don't show water as a reactant
/ON /SAT / ON -
the reaction of a molecular substance with wahe to produce ions
'
show charges S state symbol Caa) on the ions
STRENGTH -
refers to the ability of an acid to ionia or a base to dissociate or ionise CONDUCTIVITY -
Acids and bases conduct electricity due to the presence of free ions The .
CONCENTRATION -
refers to the amount of water present higher the concentration of free ions the higher the conductivity ,
therefore for
,
A CONCENTRATED acid or base contains a relatively small amount ol water solutions of equal concentrations strong acids or bases are more conductive .
A DILUTE acid or base contains a
relatively large amount ol water
CONJUGATE ACID-BASE PAIRS
When H+ The U
-
an acid donates a proton what ,
is left behind is known as the conjugate base eg.HU > + 6- ,
ion is left allow the acid has donated its proton
Note : A strong acid has a very weak conjugate base cg.cl
'
is the weak conjugate base at the strong acid CHAI i. it will not
readily accept a
proton since HU remains
fully ionized
' "
from the acid ' "
to find the conjugate base of a certain acid remove one H to find the conjugate acid of a certain base add one H from the base
AMPHOTERIC SUBSTANCE _
a substance mat can auras either an acid or a base ccs.H20.Hcoi.Hsoi.it
labelling conjugate acid-base pairs in a
proteolysis ( complete acid base reaction
-
involving the transfer of a proton ) reaction :
① ② Label donor )
Identify 2 pairs ( looks similar except for Ht ) the chemical species with more
hydrogens as the acid ( proton
pair I
- -
HCl + H2O > It got +
Ce
bz bi
ai a2
↳
acid + base acid + base
Tax
