Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
Engels: Taal & tekst
Self-study
Frequently made mistakes
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS................................................................................................................4
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................5
SCHEME:....................................................................................................................................................6
ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENTATION...............................................................................................................6
PREPOSITIONS...................................................................................................................................7
LIST OF PREPOSITIONS:..........................................................................................................................7
LIST OF LITERAL/FIGURATIVE COMBINATIONS OF PREPOSITIONS:.....................................................................7
PLACE: AT, ON, IN................................................................................................................................8
EXPRESSIONS TO REMEMBER:......................................................................................................................10
IN A PICTURE....................................................................................................................................10
AT HOME.........................................................................................................................................10
IN/AT CHURCH..................................................................................................................................10
ON A FARM......................................................................................................................................10
IN A TENT.........................................................................................................................................10
AT WORK.........................................................................................................................................10
IN/AT SCHOOL...................................................................................................................................10
WORKING ON THE RAILWAY.................................................................................................................10
IN THE SKY.......................................................................................................................................10
IN/AT COLLEGE..................................................................................................................................10
THE MAP IS ON PAGE 20.....................................................................................................................10
IN A HAT..........................................................................................................................................10
IN THE RAIN......................................................................................................................................10
IN BED.............................................................................................................................................10
IN (THE) HOSPITAL.............................................................................................................................10
IN PRISON........................................................................................................................................10
TIME: AT, ON AND IN..........................................................................................................................10
MEANS: BY, THROUGH AND WITH..........................................................................................................12
TOPIC: ON AND ABOUT........................................................................................................................13
WORD ORDER..................................................................................................................................13
INVERSION OF SUBJECT AND FINITE VERB.................................................................................................13
POSTNOMINAL ADJECTIVES...................................................................................................................14
ALSO, AS WELL AS AND NOT ONLY X, BUT ALSO Y......................................................................................14
DETERMINERS.................................................................................................................................15
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,Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
ARTICLES..........................................................................................................................................15
DEMONSTRATIVES..............................................................................................................................17
SOME AND ANY.................................................................................................................................19
BOTH, EITHER AND NEITHER.................................................................................................................20
EACH AND EVERY...............................................................................................................................21
INDEFINITE QUANTIFIERS......................................................................................................................22
VERBS..............................................................................................................................................23
SINGULAR UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ENDING IN -S = SINGULAR VERB.................................................................23
PLURALS WITH NO SINGULAR FORMS = PLURAL VERB..................................................................................24
PLURAL EXPRESSIONS WITH SINGULAR VERBS............................................................................................25
SINGULAR EXPRESSIONS WITH PLURAL VERBS............................................................................................26
JOINED SUBJECTS...............................................................................................................................27
SINGULAR SUBJECTS WITH PLURAL COMPLEMENTS.....................................................................................27
IT ARE.............................................................................................................................................28
DISTRIBUTIVE PLURALS........................................................................................................................28
TENSES............................................................................................................................................28
NO FUTURE OR CONDITIONAL TENSE IN A CONDITIONAL CLAUSE....................................................................28
PROGRESSIVE ASPECT..........................................................................................................................29
'DO' AND 'MAKE': GENERAL PURPOSE VERBS..................................................................................30
GENERAL PURPOSE VERBS: DO AND MAKE ...............................................................................................30
'BE/HAVE GONE' AND 'BE/HAVE FINISHED'.....................................................................................31
BE/HAVE GONE AND BE/HAVE FINISHED..................................................................................................31
VERB COMPLEMENTATION..............................................................................................................31
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................35
QUESTION TAGS................................................................................................................................35
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................36
HOW AND WHAT ... LIKE ....................................................................................................................37
SUBCLAUSES....................................................................................................................................38
RELATIVE CLAUSES..............................................................................................................................38
CONNECTIVES..................................................................................................................................39
2
,Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
CONCESSION.....................................................................................................................................39
TIME AND CONDITION.........................................................................................................................40
ADDITION........................................................................................................................................41
TYPICALLY DUTCH ERRORS..............................................................................................................41
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.................................................................................................41
REFLEXIVE VERBS...............................................................................................................................42
IMPERSONAL THERE-PASSIVES...............................................................................................................42
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS AND SUBJECTLESS SENTENCES.................................................................................42
INDEED............................................................................................................................................43
OWN..............................................................................................................................................43
EVENTUAL(LY)...................................................................................................................................43
ACTUAL(LY).....................................................................................................................................44
(FOR) WHAT CONCERNS.......................................................................................................................44
CONFUSING WORD PAIRS AND GROUPS.........................................................................................45
CONJUNCTIONS AND PARTICLES.............................................................................................................45
AS, LIKE AND SUCH AS................................................................................................................................45
E.G. AND I.E.............................................................................................................................................46
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS...................................................................................................................46
ALREADY, STILL AND YET.............................................................................................................................46
CERTAIN(LY) AND SURE(LY) ........................................................................................................................47
CLASSICAL AND CLASSIC..............................................................................................................................48
CONTINUAL(LY) AND CONTINUOUS(LY) ........................................................................................................49
DOUBTLESS, NO DOUBT, UNDOUBTEDLY AND WITHOUT (A) DOUBT ....................................................................50
ECONOMIC AND ECONOMICAL.....................................................................................................................50
EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE ...........................................................................................................................50
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRICAL...........................................................................................................................51
FAIRLY, QUITE AND RATHER.........................................................................................................................51
FARTHER AND FURTHER..............................................................................................................................52
FEMALE/MALE AND FEMININE/MASCULINE ....................................................................................................52
HISTORIC AND HISTORICAL .........................................................................................................................53
NO MORE, NO LONGER, NOT ANYMORE AND NOT ANY LONGER ........................................................................53
VERBS.............................................................................................................................................54
AFFECT AND EFFECT...................................................................................................................................54
ASSURE, ENSURE AND INSURE ....................................................................................................................54
BATH AND BATHE......................................................................................................................................54
BORROW AND LEND ..................................................................................................................................55
BREATH AND BREATHE ...............................................................................................................................55
BRING, TAKE, CARRY AND FETCH..................................................................................................................55
CONSIST OF AND CONSIST IN.......................................................................................................................56
ENROL AND SUBSCRIBE...............................................................................................................................56
FIT AND SUIT............................................................................................................................................56
IMPLY AND INFER .....................................................................................................................................57
LAY AND LIE, RAISE AND RISE.......................................................................................................................57
3
, Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
LET, MAKE, HAVE AND GET ........................................................................................................................58
REMIND AND REMEMBER............................................................................................................................58
SPEAK AND TALK.......................................................................................................................................58
TEACH AND LEARN ...................................................................................................................................59
TRANSPIRE AND PERSPIRE ...........................................................................................................................60
NOUNS............................................................................................................................................60
POLITICS AND POLICY ...............................................................................................................................60
PUNCTUATION................................................................................................................................60
COMMAS IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.......................................................................................................60
COMMAS IN COORDINATED CLAUSES .....................................................................................................61
RUN-ON SENTENCES AND COMMA SPLICES...............................................................................................61
COMMAS BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB OR BETWEEN VERB AND OBJECT .......................................................62
COLONS (:) .....................................................................................................................................62
SEMI-COLONS (;) ..............................................................................................................................63
SPELLING.........................................................................................................................................63
FREQUENT SPELLING MISTAKES..............................................................................................................63
HOMOPHONES..................................................................................................................................63
SPELLING VARIANTS............................................................................................................................64
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives modify nouns (zelfstandige naamwoorden)
Complements to subjects are realised by adjectives
bv. The colour was intense (=adj)
Some adjectives already end in -ly
bv. costly, cowardly, deadly, friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely,
silly, ulgy, unlikely
Don’t have corresponding adverbs (sillily? Friendily?)
Adverbs modify verbs and adjectives (werkwoorden & bijvoeglijke
naamwoorden)
Daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early & leisurely (‘ontspannen’) are both
adjectives and adverbs
Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form
bv. Fast, dead (only as in ‘dead serious’, otherwise it’s deadly), fast
(also as in fast asleep), sound (in the expression sound asleep or
4
Engels: Taal & tekst
Self-study
Frequently made mistakes
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS................................................................................................................4
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES..........................................................................................................................5
SCHEME:....................................................................................................................................................6
ADJECTIVE COMPLEMENTATION...............................................................................................................6
PREPOSITIONS...................................................................................................................................7
LIST OF PREPOSITIONS:..........................................................................................................................7
LIST OF LITERAL/FIGURATIVE COMBINATIONS OF PREPOSITIONS:.....................................................................7
PLACE: AT, ON, IN................................................................................................................................8
EXPRESSIONS TO REMEMBER:......................................................................................................................10
IN A PICTURE....................................................................................................................................10
AT HOME.........................................................................................................................................10
IN/AT CHURCH..................................................................................................................................10
ON A FARM......................................................................................................................................10
IN A TENT.........................................................................................................................................10
AT WORK.........................................................................................................................................10
IN/AT SCHOOL...................................................................................................................................10
WORKING ON THE RAILWAY.................................................................................................................10
IN THE SKY.......................................................................................................................................10
IN/AT COLLEGE..................................................................................................................................10
THE MAP IS ON PAGE 20.....................................................................................................................10
IN A HAT..........................................................................................................................................10
IN THE RAIN......................................................................................................................................10
IN BED.............................................................................................................................................10
IN (THE) HOSPITAL.............................................................................................................................10
IN PRISON........................................................................................................................................10
TIME: AT, ON AND IN..........................................................................................................................10
MEANS: BY, THROUGH AND WITH..........................................................................................................12
TOPIC: ON AND ABOUT........................................................................................................................13
WORD ORDER..................................................................................................................................13
INVERSION OF SUBJECT AND FINITE VERB.................................................................................................13
POSTNOMINAL ADJECTIVES...................................................................................................................14
ALSO, AS WELL AS AND NOT ONLY X, BUT ALSO Y......................................................................................14
DETERMINERS.................................................................................................................................15
1
,Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
ARTICLES..........................................................................................................................................15
DEMONSTRATIVES..............................................................................................................................17
SOME AND ANY.................................................................................................................................19
BOTH, EITHER AND NEITHER.................................................................................................................20
EACH AND EVERY...............................................................................................................................21
INDEFINITE QUANTIFIERS......................................................................................................................22
VERBS..............................................................................................................................................23
SINGULAR UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ENDING IN -S = SINGULAR VERB.................................................................23
PLURALS WITH NO SINGULAR FORMS = PLURAL VERB..................................................................................24
PLURAL EXPRESSIONS WITH SINGULAR VERBS............................................................................................25
SINGULAR EXPRESSIONS WITH PLURAL VERBS............................................................................................26
JOINED SUBJECTS...............................................................................................................................27
SINGULAR SUBJECTS WITH PLURAL COMPLEMENTS.....................................................................................27
IT ARE.............................................................................................................................................28
DISTRIBUTIVE PLURALS........................................................................................................................28
TENSES............................................................................................................................................28
NO FUTURE OR CONDITIONAL TENSE IN A CONDITIONAL CLAUSE....................................................................28
PROGRESSIVE ASPECT..........................................................................................................................29
'DO' AND 'MAKE': GENERAL PURPOSE VERBS..................................................................................30
GENERAL PURPOSE VERBS: DO AND MAKE ...............................................................................................30
'BE/HAVE GONE' AND 'BE/HAVE FINISHED'.....................................................................................31
BE/HAVE GONE AND BE/HAVE FINISHED..................................................................................................31
VERB COMPLEMENTATION..............................................................................................................31
QUESTIONS......................................................................................................................................35
QUESTION TAGS................................................................................................................................35
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................36
HOW AND WHAT ... LIKE ....................................................................................................................37
SUBCLAUSES....................................................................................................................................38
RELATIVE CLAUSES..............................................................................................................................38
CONNECTIVES..................................................................................................................................39
2
,Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
CONCESSION.....................................................................................................................................39
TIME AND CONDITION.........................................................................................................................40
ADDITION........................................................................................................................................41
TYPICALLY DUTCH ERRORS..............................................................................................................41
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.................................................................................................41
REFLEXIVE VERBS...............................................................................................................................42
IMPERSONAL THERE-PASSIVES...............................................................................................................42
SENTENCE FRAGMENTS AND SUBJECTLESS SENTENCES.................................................................................42
INDEED............................................................................................................................................43
OWN..............................................................................................................................................43
EVENTUAL(LY)...................................................................................................................................43
ACTUAL(LY).....................................................................................................................................44
(FOR) WHAT CONCERNS.......................................................................................................................44
CONFUSING WORD PAIRS AND GROUPS.........................................................................................45
CONJUNCTIONS AND PARTICLES.............................................................................................................45
AS, LIKE AND SUCH AS................................................................................................................................45
E.G. AND I.E.............................................................................................................................................46
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS...................................................................................................................46
ALREADY, STILL AND YET.............................................................................................................................46
CERTAIN(LY) AND SURE(LY) ........................................................................................................................47
CLASSICAL AND CLASSIC..............................................................................................................................48
CONTINUAL(LY) AND CONTINUOUS(LY) ........................................................................................................49
DOUBTLESS, NO DOUBT, UNDOUBTEDLY AND WITHOUT (A) DOUBT ....................................................................50
ECONOMIC AND ECONOMICAL.....................................................................................................................50
EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE ...........................................................................................................................50
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRICAL...........................................................................................................................51
FAIRLY, QUITE AND RATHER.........................................................................................................................51
FARTHER AND FURTHER..............................................................................................................................52
FEMALE/MALE AND FEMININE/MASCULINE ....................................................................................................52
HISTORIC AND HISTORICAL .........................................................................................................................53
NO MORE, NO LONGER, NOT ANYMORE AND NOT ANY LONGER ........................................................................53
VERBS.............................................................................................................................................54
AFFECT AND EFFECT...................................................................................................................................54
ASSURE, ENSURE AND INSURE ....................................................................................................................54
BATH AND BATHE......................................................................................................................................54
BORROW AND LEND ..................................................................................................................................55
BREATH AND BREATHE ...............................................................................................................................55
BRING, TAKE, CARRY AND FETCH..................................................................................................................55
CONSIST OF AND CONSIST IN.......................................................................................................................56
ENROL AND SUBSCRIBE...............................................................................................................................56
FIT AND SUIT............................................................................................................................................56
IMPLY AND INFER .....................................................................................................................................57
LAY AND LIE, RAISE AND RISE.......................................................................................................................57
3
, Geertje Hutsebaut FMM – ENG T&T 2022-2023
LET, MAKE, HAVE AND GET ........................................................................................................................58
REMIND AND REMEMBER............................................................................................................................58
SPEAK AND TALK.......................................................................................................................................58
TEACH AND LEARN ...................................................................................................................................59
TRANSPIRE AND PERSPIRE ...........................................................................................................................60
NOUNS............................................................................................................................................60
POLITICS AND POLICY ...............................................................................................................................60
PUNCTUATION................................................................................................................................60
COMMAS IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.......................................................................................................60
COMMAS IN COORDINATED CLAUSES .....................................................................................................61
RUN-ON SENTENCES AND COMMA SPLICES...............................................................................................61
COMMAS BETWEEN SUBJECT AND VERB OR BETWEEN VERB AND OBJECT .......................................................62
COLONS (:) .....................................................................................................................................62
SEMI-COLONS (;) ..............................................................................................................................63
SPELLING.........................................................................................................................................63
FREQUENT SPELLING MISTAKES..............................................................................................................63
HOMOPHONES..................................................................................................................................63
SPELLING VARIANTS............................................................................................................................64
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives modify nouns (zelfstandige naamwoorden)
Complements to subjects are realised by adjectives
bv. The colour was intense (=adj)
Some adjectives already end in -ly
bv. costly, cowardly, deadly, friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely,
silly, ulgy, unlikely
Don’t have corresponding adverbs (sillily? Friendily?)
Adverbs modify verbs and adjectives (werkwoorden & bijvoeglijke
naamwoorden)
Daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early & leisurely (‘ontspannen’) are both
adjectives and adverbs
Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form
bv. Fast, dead (only as in ‘dead serious’, otherwise it’s deadly), fast
(also as in fast asleep), sound (in the expression sound asleep or
4
