Project Management
Les 1: introduction to project management
Woordje van D: geen lijstjes vanbuiten leren, wel begrijpen en eventueel voorbeeld kunnen geven
Doel vak: improvised omzetten in routines a.d.h.v. projecten !!!
Routine; elke jaar zelfde vakantie bestemming, hotel, zelfde dingen doen?...
Improvised: je gaat naar het vliegveld en neemt eerste vlucht met vrije stoel
Project is altijd nieuw, nooit eerder gedaan
What’s a project
Building a new shopping center, bridge, housing estate, factory,
Relocating a company to a new location, organizing an event, implementing software at a company,
introducing a new electronic learning environment ( canvas), developing a new project, setting up a
website,…
Possible exam question: X: A car dealer sells cars. Y: Adele makes a new album. => What’s a project-
based activity?
Answer: Y, Selling cars is the guys job, not a project => But buying a car can be a budget
Project features ( elke feature kunnen explainen)
1. Temporary
1. Clear starting point (start-up or kick-off)
2. Finishing date
2. Unique and clearly defined goal ( eerste keer dat het gebeurd)
3. Sponsor who has commissioned the project
4. A project has a budget
5. Project members with different expertise ( een team expert per field)
6. Own organizational set-up ( een beetje naast de organisatie apart)
7. A project must be initiated ( someone should give a kickoff)
Types of projects
1. Technical projects
• Effect change in technology or come up with a new product
• E.g. construction of a bridge, railway line or computer network
2. Social projects
• Change the corporate culture or organizational structure of a company
• E.g. adapting working procedures, reorganization of a company
• Also known as ‘soft’ projects
1
, 3. Commercial projects
• Ultimate goal is to earn money
• E.g. conducting market research or introducing a new product on the market
4. Mixed projects
• Combine some of the aspects of both technical and social projects
• E.g. the design, programming and installation of an extensive computer program
• “They do not speak each other’s language” (within project team)
5. Events
• The end result only appears at a certain point in time ( end project)
• E.g. computer fair, pop festival, quiz, car show
Phasing and products !!!!!!!!!!
Why phasing
• Minimizes the risk
• A number of opportunities for decision making are built into the project (= milestones).
At the end of each phase the sponsor has an opportunity to alter the project:
- Continue as planned - termination of the project (stop)
- Continue with some alterations to the project
Stappen
1) Concept/idea
Project proposal, the project exist only as a prob or an idea
Project must be approved to continue to go to step 2
Activiteiten die kunnen worden uitgevoerd:
-An investigation into the current state of affairs (onderzoek stand van zaken)
2
,-A rough estimation of the extent of the problem (ruwe schatting omvang prob)
-A determination of the aims or the desired results of the project (bepaling doelstellingen of
gewenste resultaten project)
-A determination of the feasibility of the project (bepaling haalbaarheid project)
2) Definition
*Project has been given a go
*Defining end result of the project and what needs to be done to achieve it. Result of the definition is
a Project plan.
*Moeilijk/groot project => subprojects with own project plan
• Formal objectives: necessary → need-to-have
• Wishes of those involved: desirable → nice-to-have
3)Design
Deciding what the project result will be, what will the sponsor get for his money? => results in a
preliminary design.
*Brainstorming sessions with all the participants
* Prototype: simplified( mostly not-working) version of the real thing.
Model or masuette
The design should do the following:
• Show the sponsor exactly what he will be getting
• Show those who will be actively involved in the next phase exactly what has to be produced
4) Preparation
How to do it=> results in a detailed design such as for example a building plan
Product itself is NOT produced in this fase!
Aim: create conditions to allow the production phase to take place without a hitch /
without disturbances
5) Realization
Doing it => this phase leads to the project results
The phase of implementation: facilitate the introduction of the project’s outcomes.
Transition from an old to a new situation: conversion measures.
6) Aftercare
Soms wordt deze fase vergeten, korte fase, Nazorg en operationeel maken
The result is used or maintained by adapting it to new desires and resolving any problems.
Advantages of a project-based approach
*Project is not part of your everyday work ( temporary new job)
* Sponsor makes most important decisions
* Clear project plan
* Balanced team *Smaller risk of failure
3
, Disadvantages of a project-based approach
*Setting up and organizing a project costs time
*Tasks and responsibilities in own department must be filled
*Inexperienced members must be trained first
When to use a project-based approach ?
The job is possible in only a week => No project-based approach
The job has a duration of at least two or three months(preparing time) => project based approach
The job takes a year or more => use several sub-projects
Project should be SMART
ONLY ONE SENTENCE!!!!
e.g. : A project goal: “reducing waiting lists”
> The surgery unit (A) must reduce the waiting lists for hip operations (S) by 20% (M, R) by December
31 of this year (T).
> The surgery unit (A) must reduce the waiting lists for hip operations (S) by 20% (M) by December 31
of this year (T, R).
Specific
result must be specifically described in detail
Not: “We are going to improve the delivery of our products.” Better: “We need to reduce the
delivery time of our products.”
Measurable
possible afterwards to determine whether the result has been reached with regard to time, money,
quality and quantity.
Acceptable/attainable
A person or group must be responsible for achieving the result. Who will that be?
Vb. “The Logistics Department must reduce the delivery time of our product from five to two days.”
Realistic
Can we achieve this result? Niet realistisch => weinig intresse
Time-bound
Specific deadline by which the result must be achieved.
e.g. “The Logistics Department must reduce the delivery time of our products from five to three days
by December 31 of this year.”
4
Les 1: introduction to project management
Woordje van D: geen lijstjes vanbuiten leren, wel begrijpen en eventueel voorbeeld kunnen geven
Doel vak: improvised omzetten in routines a.d.h.v. projecten !!!
Routine; elke jaar zelfde vakantie bestemming, hotel, zelfde dingen doen?...
Improvised: je gaat naar het vliegveld en neemt eerste vlucht met vrije stoel
Project is altijd nieuw, nooit eerder gedaan
What’s a project
Building a new shopping center, bridge, housing estate, factory,
Relocating a company to a new location, organizing an event, implementing software at a company,
introducing a new electronic learning environment ( canvas), developing a new project, setting up a
website,…
Possible exam question: X: A car dealer sells cars. Y: Adele makes a new album. => What’s a project-
based activity?
Answer: Y, Selling cars is the guys job, not a project => But buying a car can be a budget
Project features ( elke feature kunnen explainen)
1. Temporary
1. Clear starting point (start-up or kick-off)
2. Finishing date
2. Unique and clearly defined goal ( eerste keer dat het gebeurd)
3. Sponsor who has commissioned the project
4. A project has a budget
5. Project members with different expertise ( een team expert per field)
6. Own organizational set-up ( een beetje naast de organisatie apart)
7. A project must be initiated ( someone should give a kickoff)
Types of projects
1. Technical projects
• Effect change in technology or come up with a new product
• E.g. construction of a bridge, railway line or computer network
2. Social projects
• Change the corporate culture or organizational structure of a company
• E.g. adapting working procedures, reorganization of a company
• Also known as ‘soft’ projects
1
, 3. Commercial projects
• Ultimate goal is to earn money
• E.g. conducting market research or introducing a new product on the market
4. Mixed projects
• Combine some of the aspects of both technical and social projects
• E.g. the design, programming and installation of an extensive computer program
• “They do not speak each other’s language” (within project team)
5. Events
• The end result only appears at a certain point in time ( end project)
• E.g. computer fair, pop festival, quiz, car show
Phasing and products !!!!!!!!!!
Why phasing
• Minimizes the risk
• A number of opportunities for decision making are built into the project (= milestones).
At the end of each phase the sponsor has an opportunity to alter the project:
- Continue as planned - termination of the project (stop)
- Continue with some alterations to the project
Stappen
1) Concept/idea
Project proposal, the project exist only as a prob or an idea
Project must be approved to continue to go to step 2
Activiteiten die kunnen worden uitgevoerd:
-An investigation into the current state of affairs (onderzoek stand van zaken)
2
,-A rough estimation of the extent of the problem (ruwe schatting omvang prob)
-A determination of the aims or the desired results of the project (bepaling doelstellingen of
gewenste resultaten project)
-A determination of the feasibility of the project (bepaling haalbaarheid project)
2) Definition
*Project has been given a go
*Defining end result of the project and what needs to be done to achieve it. Result of the definition is
a Project plan.
*Moeilijk/groot project => subprojects with own project plan
• Formal objectives: necessary → need-to-have
• Wishes of those involved: desirable → nice-to-have
3)Design
Deciding what the project result will be, what will the sponsor get for his money? => results in a
preliminary design.
*Brainstorming sessions with all the participants
* Prototype: simplified( mostly not-working) version of the real thing.
Model or masuette
The design should do the following:
• Show the sponsor exactly what he will be getting
• Show those who will be actively involved in the next phase exactly what has to be produced
4) Preparation
How to do it=> results in a detailed design such as for example a building plan
Product itself is NOT produced in this fase!
Aim: create conditions to allow the production phase to take place without a hitch /
without disturbances
5) Realization
Doing it => this phase leads to the project results
The phase of implementation: facilitate the introduction of the project’s outcomes.
Transition from an old to a new situation: conversion measures.
6) Aftercare
Soms wordt deze fase vergeten, korte fase, Nazorg en operationeel maken
The result is used or maintained by adapting it to new desires and resolving any problems.
Advantages of a project-based approach
*Project is not part of your everyday work ( temporary new job)
* Sponsor makes most important decisions
* Clear project plan
* Balanced team *Smaller risk of failure
3
, Disadvantages of a project-based approach
*Setting up and organizing a project costs time
*Tasks and responsibilities in own department must be filled
*Inexperienced members must be trained first
When to use a project-based approach ?
The job is possible in only a week => No project-based approach
The job has a duration of at least two or three months(preparing time) => project based approach
The job takes a year or more => use several sub-projects
Project should be SMART
ONLY ONE SENTENCE!!!!
e.g. : A project goal: “reducing waiting lists”
> The surgery unit (A) must reduce the waiting lists for hip operations (S) by 20% (M, R) by December
31 of this year (T).
> The surgery unit (A) must reduce the waiting lists for hip operations (S) by 20% (M) by December 31
of this year (T, R).
Specific
result must be specifically described in detail
Not: “We are going to improve the delivery of our products.” Better: “We need to reduce the
delivery time of our products.”
Measurable
possible afterwards to determine whether the result has been reached with regard to time, money,
quality and quantity.
Acceptable/attainable
A person or group must be responsible for achieving the result. Who will that be?
Vb. “The Logistics Department must reduce the delivery time of our product from five to two days.”
Realistic
Can we achieve this result? Niet realistisch => weinig intresse
Time-bound
Specific deadline by which the result must be achieved.
e.g. “The Logistics Department must reduce the delivery time of our products from five to three days
by December 31 of this year.”
4
