FSOT questions and answers latest

FSOT questions and answers latest1st amendment Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition 2nd amendment Right to bear arms 3rd amendment No quartering of soldiers 4th amendment Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures 5th amendment Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination 6th amendment The right to a Speedy Trial, representation by an attorney for an accused person 7th amendment Right to jury in civil trials. 8th amendment No cruel or unusual punishment 9th amendment Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution 10th amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. 11th amendment Prohibits citizens of one state or foreign country from suing another state. 12th amendment Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president. 13th amendment Abolition of slavery 14th amendment Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws 15th amendment Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude 16th amendment Allows the federal government to collect income tax 17th amendment Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures) 18th amendment Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages 19th amendment Gave women the right to vote 20th Amendment Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th "Lame-duck" Amendment 21st amendment Repeal of Prohibition 22nd amendment Limits the president to two terms. 23rd amendment Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state (DC still has no representation in Congress) 24th amendment Abolishes poll taxes 25th amendment (1) Succession of VP if president dies or become incapable to do his job.(2) if there is no VP, president must appoint one, and congress must approve 26th amendment Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 27th Amendment congressional pay raises are not begun until the next election Shelby vs. Holder voting rights act; any changes in voter laws or boundaries must be approved in DC—now states can make their own choices regarding voter laws (opened up the door for voter requirements) Citizens United v. FEC A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering (Citizens for a Better Tomorrow, Tomorrow) war chest funds collected by a candidate to spend on a political campaign franking privilege Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free FCC(Federal Communications Commission) regulates the television and radio industry, grants licenses to television and radio stations, and blocks monopolies. Securities and Exchange Commission an independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies sunshine law a law prohibiting public officials from holding meetings not open to the public Articles of Confederation 1st Constitution of the U.S. (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) pueblo revolt Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt jamestown The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia, purely financial motivation plymouth Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony. puritans non-separatists who, in 1630, joined the migration to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony King Philip's War 1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them Navigation Acts Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe. Proclamation of 1763 A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. laws that made colonists mad Stamp act, Townsend act, coercive acts Shay's Rebellion Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in , protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. Jay's treaty Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory Pinckney's Treaty agreement between the united states and spain that changed floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of new orleans war of 1812 A war () between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. nullification crisis A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress. Missouri Crisis/Compromise When Missouri applied to enter the union as a slave state, making the slave to free state ratio unbalanced. Congress proposed an emanicpation of slaves in Missouri, but the territory rejected the proposal. As a result, the Southerners in the senate used their power to withhold statehood for Maine. Mexican-American War () The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory. Compromise of 1850 (1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas Ostend Manifesto The recommendation that the U.S. offer Spain $20 million for Cuba. It was not carried through in part because the North feared Cuba would become another slave state. Kansas-Nebraska Act a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery Dred Scott Decision A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. carnegie A Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel and donated most of his profits. Rockefeller Captain of industry that created a monopoly in oil refineries vanderbilt Captain of Industry in charge of railroad and steamship lines JP Morgan A highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie. With Carnegie's holdings and some others, he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion dollar corporation. social register a de facto directory of the wealthy socialites in each city, first published by Louis Keller in 1886 City Beautiful Movement Movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impart order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world. Sherman Anti-Trust Act First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions populist party U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies Spanish-American War In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence dollar diplomacy Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. Big Stick Diplomacy Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy. Sacco and Vanzetti Case Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree; Mass. The trial lasted from . Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. new deal A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression. Great Society President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. Cesar Chavez Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW); help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions TARP program allocated $700 billion to keep banks from failing economics the study of how society manages its scarce resources law of diminishing marginal utility the principle that consumers experience