Pathophysiology Final Exam

Pathophysiology Final Exam 1. 1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? To prevent infection of the injured tissue 2. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process: Increased capillary permeability 3. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process? Vasodilation of blood vessels 4. Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Active-acquired immunity 5. What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? Passive-acquired immunity 6. Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions? IgA 7. Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response? IgM 8. An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? IgA 9. Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm that which immunoglobulin level is near adult levels? IgG 10. Which statement is true concerning the IgM? IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. 11. The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? IgE 12. Which component of the immune system is deficient in individuals with infections caused by viruses, fungi, or yeast? T cells 13. Chickenpox (varicella) may be followed years later by which disorder? Herpes zoster 14. How is thrush best defined? Presence of Candida in the mucous membranes of the mouths of infants 15. Which viral disease has an incubation period of 14 to 21 days and duration of 1 to 4 days? Rubella 16. Rubella (German or 3-day measles) is a common communicable disease of children caused by what type of organism? Virus 17. Rubeola is a highly contagious acute disease in children caused by which type of infection? Viral 18. Which clinical manifestation is present in rubeola but not in rubella? Conjunctivitis 19. What is the cause of chickenpox? Varicella-zoster virus 20. Which contagious disease is caused by the itch mite? Scabies 21. Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene: Autosomal recessive 22. The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications is: Epigenetic modifications can be reversed 23. Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain? Hypothalamus 24. What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states? Limbic system and prefrontal cortex 25. Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain: Medulla oblongata 26. Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious muscle