BIOS 255 Edapt Application of Homeostatic Mechanisms quiz (GRADED A)

Which of the following can have an affect on rate and/or depth of respiration? Select all that apply. availability of oxygen innervation of the vagus nerve Which of the following symptoms is a commonality in ALL SARS cases? Fever Sore throat Cough Loss of smell and taste Muscle fatigue Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi? Cor pulmonale Small cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Pulmonary edema In emphysema, alveolar walls break down and alveoli converge into fewer and larger spaces. Thus, there is much less respiratory membrane available for gas exchange. The lungs also become fibrotic and less elastic. The air passages open adequately during inspiration, but they tend to collapse and obstruct the outflow of air. Air becomes trapped in the lungs, and over a period of time, a person becomes barrel-chested. The overly stretched thoracic muscles contract weakly and the lungs are more difficult to inflate, which increases the effort needed to ventilate. Since proportionate amounts of alveolar wall and capillaries are both destroyed, the ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung is relatively normal, and persons with emphysema do not necessarily show the cyanosis that typifies chronic bronchitis. People with emphysema can become exhausted and emaciated because they expend three to four times the normal amount of energy just to breathe. Even slight physical exertion, such as walking across a room, can cause severe shortness of breath. Show Less