Life science final exam study guide 2022 /2023 with complete solution

What is DNA and where is located? - ANSWER The genetic information located in the nucleoid what are plasmids and where is located? - ANSWER Protects the nuclei acid, and found in cytoplasm what are ribosomes and where is located? - ANSWER Produces protein, found in cytoplasm what is cell membrane and where is located? - ANSWER it allows things in and out of the cell, located in cell membrane, under cell wall what is a capsule and where is located? - ANSWER Prevents the bacterium from drying out, located outmost part what is flagella and where is located? - ANSWER use to move the bacteria, traveling at very fast speeds, located at the bottom of the cell Define binary fission - ANSWER asexual reproduction of bacteria what important role do bacteria called decomposers play? - ANSWER recycling matter from waste materials and the remains of plants and animals into the soil where they can be reused What is the role of antibiotics? - ANSWER To destroy /fight off diseases causing infections in human cells How is a bacterial cell different from a plant or animal cell? - ANSWER Bacteria is prokaryote and plant and animal eukaryotic Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - ANSWER Prokaryotes don't have a nucleus, and eukaryotes do have nucleus Define conjugation for protist - ANSWER also is a type of sexual reproduction in protists Define conjugation for bacteria - ANSWER A process when they share their plasmids Define fermentation and give examples of food items made through this process - ANSWER the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms. example: cheese, yogurt, pickles, green olives, and salami describe the shape of bacillus bacteria - ANSWER Rod-shaped describe the shape of a spirillum bacteria - ANSWER Spiral-shaded describe the shape of coccus bacteria - ANSWER Spherical-shaped Give examples of diseases caused by bacteria - ANSWER Chloera, and Dysentery Define endospores - ANSWER the bacterium's DNA and ribosomes enclosed in though case that can survive heat, cold, and a host of other conditions that would normally kill a bacterium why are bacteria found in the digestive system of ruminants (cop, sheep, goats)? - ANSWER break down cellulose how is bacteria beneficial? - ANSWER bacteria has an important role in plant soil by making nitrogen, and bacteria also can stop the bad bacteria from growing, and also it is essential or fermenting food are bacteria considered living? - ANSWER yes what can happen when antibiotics are improperly overused? - ANSWER they can change the bacteria used in them and then become resident (antibiotic resistance) what is the structure of nucleic acid - ANSWER DNA or RNA