Medical Assistant Certification Exam 2022 with complete solutions.

What are the 4 parts to a patient's medical history? chief complaint (CC), history of present illness (HPI), Past, Family and Social History (PFSH), and review of systems (ROS) Vital signs reflect the functions of what three body processes necessary for life? body temperature, respiration and heart function 00:43 01:17 what are the 4 vital signs of body function? temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure Give the normal temp ranges for the following sites: rectal, oral, axillary and tympanic membrane? rectal 98.6-100 oral 97.6-99.6 axillary 96.6-98.6 tympanic 9.8.6 febrile v afebrile febrile is the presence of fever, afebrile is absence of fever 3 types of fever? intermittent, remittent and continuous oral temperature is not taken from which patients? infants and children less than 6 yo, patients who had face, neck nose or mouth surgery, those receiving oxygen, patients w altered mental status and others how long should you wait for patients who just finished eating drinking or smoking to take temp? 30 minutes What method of taking temp is the least accurate? axillary (underarm) normal adult pulse range 60-100 BPM what is the site most commonly used for taking pulse? radial artery in wrist normal range for adults respiration? 12-20 per minute what are 3 respiration rate abnormalities? apnea- temporary complete absence of breathing tachypnea- rate > bradypnea- decease in number of respirations What are to abnormalities in respiratory rhythm? Cheyne-Stokes- regular pattern of irregular breathing rate Orthopnea- difficult to breathe unless in upwright position what does depth of respiration refer to? amount of air that is inspired and expired during respiration what are three abnormalities in depth of respirations? hypoventilation-reduced amt of air enters lungs hypernea- abnormal inc in depth and rate of breathing hyperventilation- increased amt of air entering lungs Define blood pressure measurement of the amt of force exerted by the blood on the peripheral arterial walls and is expressed in mmHg BP consists of what 2 components? highest (systole) and lowest (diastole) amt of pressure exerted during cardiac cycle Name some common errors in blood pressure measurmens improper cuff size, arm is not at heart level, cuff not deflated, improper cuff placement anthropometric refers to what? comparative measurements of the bdoy What are the 4 principles of physical examination? inspection, palpation, percussion, ausculatationq to make a diagnosis the physician utilizes what 3 sources? patient's health history, physical exam, and lab tests horizontal recumbent position used for most physical exams dorsal recumbent position fowler's position used to promote drainage or ease breathing dorsal lithotomy position used for exam of pelvic orgns prone position used to examine spine and back Sim's position used for rectal examination knee-chest position used for rectal and vaginal exams trendelenburg position used for surgical procedures of pelvis and abdomen Which organization is responsible for the identification of the various hazards present in the workplace and for the creation of rules and regulation to minimize exposure to hazards? Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) What are the 3 categories for safety hazards? physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards for an external hemorrhage how is bleeding controlled? elevating the affected part above heart level and applying direct pressure to the wound when does shock occur? when there is insuffcient return of blood flow to the heart, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen what are the common symptoms of shock? pale, cold clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, increased shallow breathing rate, expressionless face first aid for shcok maintain an open airway, call for assistance, keep victim lying dow, attempt to control cause of shock what are agents? infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups portal of exit and portal of entry portal of exit is the method by which infectious agent leaves its resevoir; portal of entry allows infectious agent access to suceptible host mode of transmition specific ways in which microorganisms travel from resevoir to susceptible host. 5 main types: contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle and vectorborne define medical asepsis the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body what procedure is used in medical aspesis using various chemicals that can destroy pathogenic microorganisms? disinfection what is the least expensive and most readily available disenfection? a 1:10 solution of household beach 4 methods of sterilization gas sterilization, dry heat sterilization, chemcial and steam (autoclave) what is the most important means of preventing the spread of infection? hand washing what are the 3 categories of isolation? contact precautions, airborne precautions and droplet percautions po (abb) by mouth/orally pr (abb) per rectum sl (abb) sublingual (under tongue) SQ (abb) subcutaneous pc (abb) after meals qhs (abb) each night prn (abb) as needed The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in what space? mediastenum, just behind the sternum give layers of heart deep to superficial endocardium, myocardium, pericardium what is the "heart skeleton" made of? four rings of thick connective tissue what are the layers of fluid separating the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium? pericardial sac what structure in the middle of the heart divides the heart into two sides? septim what kind of blood does the left and right side of the heart pump? right pumps deoxygenated blood w low pressure from veins into lungs (pulmonary circulation) and left pumps oxygenated blood with high pressure (blood pressure) toward the tissues through the arteries (systemic circulation) What are the four heart chambers? right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle what are the only arteries in the body that carry oxygenated blood? pulmonary arteries (efferent) what are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood? pulmonary veins (afferent) what is the largest artery in the body? the aorta be familiar with heart anatomy what is the purpose of heart vavles? to prevent the backflow of blood therby assuring uni-directional flow through the heart what are the subdivisions of the heart valves? Atrioventricular valves (AV): Tricuspid + Bicuspid Mitral semilunar valves: Pulmonic + Aortic What are the AV cuspid valves characteristcs? have tough fibrous rings, long and strong leaflets (cuspids), accessory organs (ie papillary muscles, chordae tendinae) give the location of the AV cuspid valves? tricuspid is btw the right atrium and right ventricle, bicuspid mitral is btw left atrium and left ventricle characteristics of semilunar valves? three leaflests, shallow in depth, no accessory organs give location of semilunar valves? pulmonic btq right ventricle and pulmonary trunk, aortic btw left ventricle and aorta where are the coronary arteries located? on the epidcardium what are the two branches of the left coronary artery? Left anterior descending (LAD) artery and Left Circumflex (LCX) artery what is the main artery that supplies the right side of the heart? Right Coronary Artery (RCA) What is the period of contractions of both atria and ventricles? systole