Summary WOJD by Tobias Schiphorst
Week 1 Work Design from an organizational perspective ...................................................................... 6
Historical overview of work design ...................................................................................................... 6
Craft production ................................................................................................................................... 6
Scientific management ......................................................................................................................... 7
Job characteristics theories .................................................................................................................. 7
Human relations theory (HRT) ......................................................................................................... 8
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory ................................................................................................ 8
Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory (Motivation-Hygiene) ...................................................................... 9
McGregor’s theory X and Y ............................................................................................................ 10
Job Characteristics Model (JCM) .................................................................................................... 11
Socio-technical systems ..................................................................................................................... 13
Role and job demand theories ........................................................................................................... 15
Role theory ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Job Demands in Work Design............................................................................................................. 16
Job Demand Control Model (JDC) .................................................................................................. 16
Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model .................................................................................. 17
Job Demands Resources Model ..................................................................................................... 17
Work design Questionnaire ............................................................................................................... 18
Task characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 19
Knowledge characteristics ............................................................................................................. 19
Social characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 20
Work Contextual characteristics .................................................................................................... 20
Conclusions on work design questionnaire ................................................................................... 20
Expanded Work Design Model (WDQ) ............................................................................................... 21
Meta-analytical test of integrative model of work design ............................................................. 21
Theory of purposeful behaviour (Barrick, Mount) ............................................................................. 25
Antecedents of Work Design ............................................................................................................. 26
Week 2: Work design in operations management ................................................................................ 27
Work design in OM............................................................................................................................. 27
Defining work ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Distinguishing different tasks ............................................................................................................. 31
Workplace analysis : tasks .............................................................................................................. 31
Understanding the importance of ergonomics .................................................................................. 32
Physical ergonomics ....................................................................................................................... 32
1
, Describing and applying different method analyses.......................................................................... 35
Method study ................................................................................................................................. 35
Process analysis .............................................................................................................................. 35
Operational analysis ....................................................................................................................... 36
Motion study .................................................................................................................................. 37
Describing and applying different ways to measure work (time study) in order to develop standard
times ................................................................................................................................................... 38
Learning effects .................................................................................................................................. 39
Practice questions for learning curve ............................................................................................ 41
Reasons to divide work ...................................................................................................................... 41
Linking division of work and links between workplaces ................................................................ 42
Improving work characteristics of a traditional line ...................................................................... 43
Improving work characteristics of a functional structure .............................................................. 44
Week 3: Antecedents of work design .................................................................................................... 44
Formal and informal decision making on work design ...................................................................... 44
Antecedents of work design............................................................................................................... 45
Contextual influences on work design ............................................................................................... 45
Higher-level external influences .................................................................................................... 46
Organizational influences ............................................................................................................... 47
Local context influences ................................................................................................................. 48
Individual influences ...................................................................................................................... 49
Employee job crafting ........................................................................................................................ 50
Forces affecting work design from an OM perspective ..................................................................... 52
Industrial revolutions and impact on work ........................................................................................ 53
What are effects of digital technologies on job resources and job demands? ............................. 57
Key takeaways .................................................................................................................................... 58
Intervention strategies of Parker 2020 .............................................................................................. 59
Week 4 Outcome of work design ........................................................................................................... 60
Work performance ............................................................................................................................. 60
Five topic clusters by Carpini, Parker & Griffin 2017 ..................................................................... 60
Development of 5 topic cluster in performance research over the years (1972 – 2015) ............. 60
Conclusions historical overview ..................................................................................................... 60
Integrative model of individual work performance ....................................................................... 61
Takeaways from integrative model of work performance ............................................................ 63
Antecedents and outcomes of individual work performance ........................................................... 63
Antecedents of individual work performance ............................................................................... 63
2
, Takeaways ...................................................................................................................................... 70
Human factors and performance ....................................................................................................... 71
4 steps of the new framework by Vijayakumar et al ..................................................................... 74
Key takeaways ................................................................................................................................ 75
Trade-offs between human effects and system effects .................................................................... 75
Key takeaways on trade-offs between human and efficiency ....................................................... 77
Visual workplace and functions of visual management .................................................................... 77
Key takeaways ................................................................................................................................ 79
Week 5 mediators and moderators of work design .............................................................................. 80
Mediators of work design .................................................................................................................. 80
Mediators on Job characteristics theory and expanded model of work design ............................ 81
Mediators of the demands-resources model ................................................................................ 83
Conclusion on mediators in work design ....................................................................................... 84
Demographics, KSAs, and Growth Need Strength as Moderators of Work Design ........................... 85
Moderating effects of work characteristics ................................................................................... 86
Demographics as Moderators ........................................................................................................ 89
Knowledge, skills and abilities and Needs and values as moderators ........................................... 90
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 91
Fundamental goals and personality of work design .......................................................................... 92
Theory of purposeful behaviour by Barrick, Mount 2013 ............................................................. 93
Conclusion on theory of purposeful goal striving .......................................................................... 97
Situation strength and trait activation as moderators of work design .............................................. 98
General interactionism : Situation strength theory ....................................................................... 99
General interactionism : Situation strength as moderator of the personality – work performance
relationship .................................................................................................................................. 100
Specific Interactionism Trait Activation Theory ........................................................................... 100
Conclusion situation strength and trait-activation ...................................................................... 102
Limitations of model on situations strength and trait activation ................................................ 103
Conclusions on moderators of work design..................................................................................... 103
Week 6 Digitalization and work design at GKN Fokker ........................................................................ 105
Online lecture 3: antecedents from an OM perspective ..................................................................... 106
Online lecture 3 : employee involvement in work design ................................................................... 109
Conclusion on competitive strategies, work design and employee involvement ........................... 111
Online lecture 4 outcomes of work design .......................................................................................... 112
Key takeaways .................................................................................................................................. 112
Performance as outcome of work design ........................................................................................ 112
3
, Competitive strategy, work design, and performance ................................................................ 113
Summary of competitive strategies, operational uncertainty, employee involvement, and form
of work performance ................................................................................................................... 115
Diversity of teams ........................................................................................................................ 115
Transformational leadership, team diversity, and team performance ....................................... 116
4
Week 1 Work Design from an organizational perspective ...................................................................... 6
Historical overview of work design ...................................................................................................... 6
Craft production ................................................................................................................................... 6
Scientific management ......................................................................................................................... 7
Job characteristics theories .................................................................................................................. 7
Human relations theory (HRT) ......................................................................................................... 8
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory ................................................................................................ 8
Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory (Motivation-Hygiene) ...................................................................... 9
McGregor’s theory X and Y ............................................................................................................ 10
Job Characteristics Model (JCM) .................................................................................................... 11
Socio-technical systems ..................................................................................................................... 13
Role and job demand theories ........................................................................................................... 15
Role theory ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Job Demands in Work Design............................................................................................................. 16
Job Demand Control Model (JDC) .................................................................................................. 16
Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model .................................................................................. 17
Job Demands Resources Model ..................................................................................................... 17
Work design Questionnaire ............................................................................................................... 18
Task characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 19
Knowledge characteristics ............................................................................................................. 19
Social characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 20
Work Contextual characteristics .................................................................................................... 20
Conclusions on work design questionnaire ................................................................................... 20
Expanded Work Design Model (WDQ) ............................................................................................... 21
Meta-analytical test of integrative model of work design ............................................................. 21
Theory of purposeful behaviour (Barrick, Mount) ............................................................................. 25
Antecedents of Work Design ............................................................................................................. 26
Week 2: Work design in operations management ................................................................................ 27
Work design in OM............................................................................................................................. 27
Defining work ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Distinguishing different tasks ............................................................................................................. 31
Workplace analysis : tasks .............................................................................................................. 31
Understanding the importance of ergonomics .................................................................................. 32
Physical ergonomics ....................................................................................................................... 32
1
, Describing and applying different method analyses.......................................................................... 35
Method study ................................................................................................................................. 35
Process analysis .............................................................................................................................. 35
Operational analysis ....................................................................................................................... 36
Motion study .................................................................................................................................. 37
Describing and applying different ways to measure work (time study) in order to develop standard
times ................................................................................................................................................... 38
Learning effects .................................................................................................................................. 39
Practice questions for learning curve ............................................................................................ 41
Reasons to divide work ...................................................................................................................... 41
Linking division of work and links between workplaces ................................................................ 42
Improving work characteristics of a traditional line ...................................................................... 43
Improving work characteristics of a functional structure .............................................................. 44
Week 3: Antecedents of work design .................................................................................................... 44
Formal and informal decision making on work design ...................................................................... 44
Antecedents of work design............................................................................................................... 45
Contextual influences on work design ............................................................................................... 45
Higher-level external influences .................................................................................................... 46
Organizational influences ............................................................................................................... 47
Local context influences ................................................................................................................. 48
Individual influences ...................................................................................................................... 49
Employee job crafting ........................................................................................................................ 50
Forces affecting work design from an OM perspective ..................................................................... 52
Industrial revolutions and impact on work ........................................................................................ 53
What are effects of digital technologies on job resources and job demands? ............................. 57
Key takeaways .................................................................................................................................... 58
Intervention strategies of Parker 2020 .............................................................................................. 59
Week 4 Outcome of work design ........................................................................................................... 60
Work performance ............................................................................................................................. 60
Five topic clusters by Carpini, Parker & Griffin 2017 ..................................................................... 60
Development of 5 topic cluster in performance research over the years (1972 – 2015) ............. 60
Conclusions historical overview ..................................................................................................... 60
Integrative model of individual work performance ....................................................................... 61
Takeaways from integrative model of work performance ............................................................ 63
Antecedents and outcomes of individual work performance ........................................................... 63
Antecedents of individual work performance ............................................................................... 63
2
, Takeaways ...................................................................................................................................... 70
Human factors and performance ....................................................................................................... 71
4 steps of the new framework by Vijayakumar et al ..................................................................... 74
Key takeaways ................................................................................................................................ 75
Trade-offs between human effects and system effects .................................................................... 75
Key takeaways on trade-offs between human and efficiency ....................................................... 77
Visual workplace and functions of visual management .................................................................... 77
Key takeaways ................................................................................................................................ 79
Week 5 mediators and moderators of work design .............................................................................. 80
Mediators of work design .................................................................................................................. 80
Mediators on Job characteristics theory and expanded model of work design ............................ 81
Mediators of the demands-resources model ................................................................................ 83
Conclusion on mediators in work design ....................................................................................... 84
Demographics, KSAs, and Growth Need Strength as Moderators of Work Design ........................... 85
Moderating effects of work characteristics ................................................................................... 86
Demographics as Moderators ........................................................................................................ 89
Knowledge, skills and abilities and Needs and values as moderators ........................................... 90
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 91
Fundamental goals and personality of work design .......................................................................... 92
Theory of purposeful behaviour by Barrick, Mount 2013 ............................................................. 93
Conclusion on theory of purposeful goal striving .......................................................................... 97
Situation strength and trait activation as moderators of work design .............................................. 98
General interactionism : Situation strength theory ....................................................................... 99
General interactionism : Situation strength as moderator of the personality – work performance
relationship .................................................................................................................................. 100
Specific Interactionism Trait Activation Theory ........................................................................... 100
Conclusion situation strength and trait-activation ...................................................................... 102
Limitations of model on situations strength and trait activation ................................................ 103
Conclusions on moderators of work design..................................................................................... 103
Week 6 Digitalization and work design at GKN Fokker ........................................................................ 105
Online lecture 3: antecedents from an OM perspective ..................................................................... 106
Online lecture 3 : employee involvement in work design ................................................................... 109
Conclusion on competitive strategies, work design and employee involvement ........................... 111
Online lecture 4 outcomes of work design .......................................................................................... 112
Key takeaways .................................................................................................................................. 112
Performance as outcome of work design ........................................................................................ 112
3
, Competitive strategy, work design, and performance ................................................................ 113
Summary of competitive strategies, operational uncertainty, employee involvement, and form
of work performance ................................................................................................................... 115
Diversity of teams ........................................................................................................................ 115
Transformational leadership, team diversity, and team performance ....................................... 116
4
