LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE
- 40% written test
- 10% surgical skills
- 50% ECD applications and presentation
INTRODUCTION
ASSIGNMENT: Design a project: file for an ethical approval for a project. They check if you know what
to put into such a file, what is complying with legislation, what are the best practices,… They see if
the design of the project is a good application. They don’t test how you comprehend scientific
literature.
1. HISTORY – ETHICS 16/02
HISTORY: A TIMELINE
TIME PERIOD PERSON OF DESCRIPTION
INTEREST
PREHISTORICAL Aristotle Scala naturae : divided what he saw around him into
TIMES (384 – 322 BC) different layers based on complexity. = introduction to the
think of higher and lower beings. Already then, some
philosophers had a different idea. This is needed to go
forward and have change.
Pythagoras Was a vegetarian because animals are important, and not
(46 – 120 BC) lower.
Galenus There was no reason why you shouldn’t do vivisection:
(129 – 216) they are not important. Dissecting a human body was out
of the question, so they used monkeys and pigs as a proxy
of a human body.
1
, MIDDLE AGES Augustinus Stand-still: no focus on science & philosophy because of
Hippo plague. The scala naturae was still in place & layers were
(354-430) added: angels, saints, God. The distance between people
and animals became larger to get closer to God. Animal
instincts (lust, anger..) were resented because you want to
resemble God: putting animals at a lower level.
RENAISSANCE Vesalius Dissected human bodies + corrected mistakes deduced
(14TH – 16TH (1514 – 1564) from dissection pigs & monkeys: we are not the same as
CENTURY) animals creating a distance between humans and
animals.
Before: observational pov, now a more scientific approach
to science. You cannot base your principle on 1
observation: you should repeat and compare. Vivisection
was still no problem! Animals were still lesser than us.
Van Leeuwen Invention of the microscope.
AGE OF Descartes We are born with knowledge that has been given to us by
ENLIGHTENMENT (1596 – 1650) God (innate knowledge), while animals have not been
given this gift: (thinking, speaking,…). Animals behave like a
machine, mechanically, and don’t feel anything. Only the
subjects that can reason and think are important. If they
can’t reason or think we can do to them whatever we
want.
AGE OF Hogarth Industrialization: less contact with animals so less feeling of
ENLIGHTENMENT: (1751) animal welfare. He was a writer but not all people could
INDUSTRIALISATION read 4 panels: the four stages of cruelty, based on Nero.
He did an observation on what was happening in the
street: if you’re cruel to animals, you can become cruel to
other humans as well: created an awareness on animal
cruelty. Stages: 1. People mistreating smaller animals, 2.
mistreating horses, 3. killed his girlfriend for jewellery, 4.
he was killed and they did to his body the same as he did
to the animals.
Kant Deontology. We should behave to our duties, without
(1724 – 1804) considering outcome or consequences. These duties are
universal and apply to all situations. You should treat
human beings as a goal, not as means. Influenced by
Descartes: based on the fact humans can reason.
2
- 40% written test
- 10% surgical skills
- 50% ECD applications and presentation
INTRODUCTION
ASSIGNMENT: Design a project: file for an ethical approval for a project. They check if you know what
to put into such a file, what is complying with legislation, what are the best practices,… They see if
the design of the project is a good application. They don’t test how you comprehend scientific
literature.
1. HISTORY – ETHICS 16/02
HISTORY: A TIMELINE
TIME PERIOD PERSON OF DESCRIPTION
INTEREST
PREHISTORICAL Aristotle Scala naturae : divided what he saw around him into
TIMES (384 – 322 BC) different layers based on complexity. = introduction to the
think of higher and lower beings. Already then, some
philosophers had a different idea. This is needed to go
forward and have change.
Pythagoras Was a vegetarian because animals are important, and not
(46 – 120 BC) lower.
Galenus There was no reason why you shouldn’t do vivisection:
(129 – 216) they are not important. Dissecting a human body was out
of the question, so they used monkeys and pigs as a proxy
of a human body.
1
, MIDDLE AGES Augustinus Stand-still: no focus on science & philosophy because of
Hippo plague. The scala naturae was still in place & layers were
(354-430) added: angels, saints, God. The distance between people
and animals became larger to get closer to God. Animal
instincts (lust, anger..) were resented because you want to
resemble God: putting animals at a lower level.
RENAISSANCE Vesalius Dissected human bodies + corrected mistakes deduced
(14TH – 16TH (1514 – 1564) from dissection pigs & monkeys: we are not the same as
CENTURY) animals creating a distance between humans and
animals.
Before: observational pov, now a more scientific approach
to science. You cannot base your principle on 1
observation: you should repeat and compare. Vivisection
was still no problem! Animals were still lesser than us.
Van Leeuwen Invention of the microscope.
AGE OF Descartes We are born with knowledge that has been given to us by
ENLIGHTENMENT (1596 – 1650) God (innate knowledge), while animals have not been
given this gift: (thinking, speaking,…). Animals behave like a
machine, mechanically, and don’t feel anything. Only the
subjects that can reason and think are important. If they
can’t reason or think we can do to them whatever we
want.
AGE OF Hogarth Industrialization: less contact with animals so less feeling of
ENLIGHTENMENT: (1751) animal welfare. He was a writer but not all people could
INDUSTRIALISATION read 4 panels: the four stages of cruelty, based on Nero.
He did an observation on what was happening in the
street: if you’re cruel to animals, you can become cruel to
other humans as well: created an awareness on animal
cruelty. Stages: 1. People mistreating smaller animals, 2.
mistreating horses, 3. killed his girlfriend for jewellery, 4.
he was killed and they did to his body the same as he did
to the animals.
Kant Deontology. We should behave to our duties, without
(1724 – 1804) considering outcome or consequences. These duties are
universal and apply to all situations. You should treat
human beings as a goal, not as means. Influenced by
Descartes: based on the fact humans can reason.
2
