Plant Reproduction
Sexual Asexual
Angiosperms - flowering plants (tissue culture, propagation, micropropagation)
Genetic variation Clone- desired trait and quality
Two Parents One parent
Able to adapt Risk of wipeout, reduced genetic fitness
Gamete production, relies on pollinators No gamete production
More energy + longer Energy efficient + shorter
Males
Anther Gamete production (meiosis)
Pollen Male gamete - carries genetic material
Pollinating agents = wind, birds, insects
Anther and stigma ripen at different times to prevent self-polliation in bisexual flowers
Females
Stamen Receives pollen
Style Transports pollen to ovary
Ovary (produces fruit) Meiosis to form ovule, site of fertilization
Ovule (becomes seed) Female gamete - carries genetic material
Seeds → rich in nutrients because it needs to provide food for the developing embryo
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO w/ transgene)
Benefits → FOOD SECURITY Risks
- Higher yields - Potential health risks
- Less pesticides needed - Higher costs
- flood/drought resistant - Loss of biodiversity
- Increased nutrition (golden rice)
Seed banks - store wild varieties of seeds from plants to ensure food security. Also used to
maintain biodiversity. Maintains genetic diversity preventing wipeout from climate change or
disease as they can adapt.
Sexual Asexual
Angiosperms - flowering plants (tissue culture, propagation, micropropagation)
Genetic variation Clone- desired trait and quality
Two Parents One parent
Able to adapt Risk of wipeout, reduced genetic fitness
Gamete production, relies on pollinators No gamete production
More energy + longer Energy efficient + shorter
Males
Anther Gamete production (meiosis)
Pollen Male gamete - carries genetic material
Pollinating agents = wind, birds, insects
Anther and stigma ripen at different times to prevent self-polliation in bisexual flowers
Females
Stamen Receives pollen
Style Transports pollen to ovary
Ovary (produces fruit) Meiosis to form ovule, site of fertilization
Ovule (becomes seed) Female gamete - carries genetic material
Seeds → rich in nutrients because it needs to provide food for the developing embryo
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO w/ transgene)
Benefits → FOOD SECURITY Risks
- Higher yields - Potential health risks
- Less pesticides needed - Higher costs
- flood/drought resistant - Loss of biodiversity
- Increased nutrition (golden rice)
Seed banks - store wild varieties of seeds from plants to ensure food security. Also used to
maintain biodiversity. Maintains genetic diversity preventing wipeout from climate change or
disease as they can adapt.
