Chemistry Section 5
1.10
- Simple distillation - the process in which liquids with different boiling points
can be separated
- Method:
- Heat a flask with the solution in
- Attach a condenser with tubes for water in an out
- Place a beaker on the other side of the condenser
- Observe the solvent being separated from the solution
- Fractional distillation can be used to separate a mixture of different liquids
4.8
- Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil, which is a mixture of
hydrocarbons, into different things
4.9
- Refinery gases - bottles gas
- Gasoline - car fuel
- Kerosene - jet fuel
- Diesel - car, lorry, bus fuel
- Fuel oil - ship fuel, power station fuel
- Bitumen - material in roads
4.10
- Going down:
- Viscosity increases
- Boiling point increases
- Volatility decreases
- Ease of ignition decreases
4.1
, - A hydrocarbon is a compound that is made up of only hydrogen and carbon
atoms
4.7
- Crude oil is a mixture of different length hydrocarbons
4.19
- General formula for alkanes - CnH2n+2
4.20
- Alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the
maximum amount of hydrogen particles without any double bonds
4.21
- Methane
- Ethane
- Propane
- Butane
- Pentane
- Hexane
4.2
- Empirical formula - the lowest ratio of atoms in a compound
- Molecular formula - the symbol version of the name of a compound e.g. CO2
- General formula - the constant formula for finding the molecular formula of
a compound in a homologous series e.g. alkanes’ formula is CnH2n+2
- Structural formula - shows the arrangement of atoms in a compound
- Displayed formula - graphically shows the arrangement of atoms in a
compound with lines and symbols
4.3
1.10
- Simple distillation - the process in which liquids with different boiling points
can be separated
- Method:
- Heat a flask with the solution in
- Attach a condenser with tubes for water in an out
- Place a beaker on the other side of the condenser
- Observe the solvent being separated from the solution
- Fractional distillation can be used to separate a mixture of different liquids
4.8
- Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil, which is a mixture of
hydrocarbons, into different things
4.9
- Refinery gases - bottles gas
- Gasoline - car fuel
- Kerosene - jet fuel
- Diesel - car, lorry, bus fuel
- Fuel oil - ship fuel, power station fuel
- Bitumen - material in roads
4.10
- Going down:
- Viscosity increases
- Boiling point increases
- Volatility decreases
- Ease of ignition decreases
4.1
, - A hydrocarbon is a compound that is made up of only hydrogen and carbon
atoms
4.7
- Crude oil is a mixture of different length hydrocarbons
4.19
- General formula for alkanes - CnH2n+2
4.20
- Alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the
maximum amount of hydrogen particles without any double bonds
4.21
- Methane
- Ethane
- Propane
- Butane
- Pentane
- Hexane
4.2
- Empirical formula - the lowest ratio of atoms in a compound
- Molecular formula - the symbol version of the name of a compound e.g. CO2
- General formula - the constant formula for finding the molecular formula of
a compound in a homologous series e.g. alkanes’ formula is CnH2n+2
- Structural formula - shows the arrangement of atoms in a compound
- Displayed formula - graphically shows the arrangement of atoms in a
compound with lines and symbols
4.3
