Samenvatting alle hoofdstukken
POSITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE
Rana Yildiz
TOETS: 3 NOVEMBER 9:00
,Inhoudsopgave
Chapter 1...........................................................................................................................3
Three Levels of positive psychology..............................................................................................3
Why do we have positive psychology?.........................................................................................4
The historical roots of positive psychology...................................................................................4
Chapter 2...........................................................................................................................6
The value of positive emotions.....................................................................................................6
The positive impact of negative emotions....................................................................................7
Emotional intelligence..................................................................................................................8
Chapter 3.........................................................................................................................10
A story about optimists and pessimists......................................................................................10
Why it is good to be an optimist.................................................................................................10
Can optimism be learnt?.............................................................................................................10
Why it is good to be a pessimist.................................................................................................11
What about realism?..................................................................................................................12
Is there any hope?......................................................................................................................12
Chapter 4.........................................................................................................................14
Making flow happen...................................................................................................................14
Dangers of flow..........................................................................................................................15
Other optimal experiences.........................................................................................................16
Chapter 5.........................................................................................................................17
History of happiness...................................................................................................................17
Who is happy?............................................................................................................................17
Who is not happy?......................................................................................................................17
Why is it good to be happy?.......................................................................................................17
What happiness really is, or the science of subjective well-being...............................................18
Can we raise our subjective well-being?.....................................................................................18
What is important for happiness and what is not?.....................................................................19
Happiness and personality............................................................................................................................20
Happiness and relationships.........................................................................................................................20
Interesting facts about well-being..............................................................................................20
Chapter 6.........................................................................................................................22
Problems with existing approaches to happiness.......................................................................22
An alternative to hedonic happiness..........................................................................................22
Humanistic psychology and the actualizing tendency..................................................................................22
What lives under the umbrella of eudaimonia?..........................................................................23
1
, Psychological well-being...............................................................................................................................23
Self-determination theory............................................................................................................................23
Other eudaimonic theories...........................................................................................................................23
Personal development..................................................................................................................................25
Transcendence..............................................................................................................................................26
The very last note.......................................................................................................................26
Chapter 7.........................................................................................................................28
Values.........................................................................................................................................28
Motivation..................................................................................................................................29
Life goals....................................................................................................................................29
What goals?..................................................................................................................................................30
Chapter 11.......................................................................................................................31
The value of strengths................................................................................................................31
The VIA Classification of Strengths and Virtues..........................................................................32
Gallup’s StrengthsFinder.............................................................................................................34
CAPP’s Realise2..........................................................................................................................35
Playing to your Strengths?..........................................................................................................35
Chapter 12.......................................................................................................................37
Models of love............................................................................................................................37
Attachment theory........................................................................................................................................37
Triangular theory of love..............................................................................................................................38
Love styles.....................................................................................................................................................39
Passionate and compassionate love.............................................................................................................40
Love against time........................................................................................................................40
Minding model..............................................................................................................................................41
Chapter 14.......................................................................................................................43
Positive psychology and one-to-one practices............................................................................43
Coaching and therapy – differences and similarities....................................................................................43
Positive psychology coaching.......................................................................................................................44
Positive therapy............................................................................................................................................45
Positive psychology and education.............................................................................................46
The Penn Resilience Program.......................................................................................................................46
The SPARK resilience program......................................................................................................................46
The Skills of Well-being.................................................................................................................................47
Well-being Curriculum..................................................................................................................................47
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy.........................................................................................................47
Positive psychology and business...............................................................................................48
Well-being at work........................................................................................................................................48
Positive organizational scholarship..............................................................................................................49
Appreciative inquiry......................................................................................................................................50
2
, Chapter 1
What is Positive Psychology?
Positive psychology is a science of positive aspects of human life, such as happiness,
well-being and flourishing. It can be summarized as the ‘scientific study of optimal
human functioning that aims to discover and promote the factors that allow individuals
and communities to thrive’.
Psychology has more often than not emphasized the shortcomings of individuals rather
than their potentials. This particular approach focuses on the potentials. It is not
targeted at fixing problems but is focused on researching things that make life worth
living instead. Positive psychology is not focused on bringing -8 to -2, but on brining +2
to +8.
This orientation in psychology was established around 2000 and is a rapidly developing
field. Its aspiration is to bring solid empirical research into areas such as well-being,
flow, personal strengths, wisdom, creativity, psychological health and characteristics of
positive groups and institutions.
Three Levels of positive psychology
The science of positive psychology operates on three different levels;
1. The subjective level; this includes the study of positive experiences such as
joy, well-being, satisfaction, contentment, happiness, optimism and flow. This
level is about feeling good, rather than doing or being good.
2. The individual level; this aims to identify the constituents of the ‘good life’ and
the personal qualities that are necessary for being a ‘good person’, through
studying human strengths and virtues, future mindedness, capacity for love,
courage, perseverance, forgiveness, originality, wisdom, interpersonal skills and
giftedness.
3. The group or community level; this lies the emphasis on civic virtues, social
responsibilities, nurturance, altruism, civility, tolerance, work ethics, positive
institutions and other factors that contribute to the development if citizenship and
communities and reaching beyond oneself. This level is more about taking actions
or positive behaviors aimed at something larger than ourselves.
3
POSITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE
Rana Yildiz
TOETS: 3 NOVEMBER 9:00
,Inhoudsopgave
Chapter 1...........................................................................................................................3
Three Levels of positive psychology..............................................................................................3
Why do we have positive psychology?.........................................................................................4
The historical roots of positive psychology...................................................................................4
Chapter 2...........................................................................................................................6
The value of positive emotions.....................................................................................................6
The positive impact of negative emotions....................................................................................7
Emotional intelligence..................................................................................................................8
Chapter 3.........................................................................................................................10
A story about optimists and pessimists......................................................................................10
Why it is good to be an optimist.................................................................................................10
Can optimism be learnt?.............................................................................................................10
Why it is good to be a pessimist.................................................................................................11
What about realism?..................................................................................................................12
Is there any hope?......................................................................................................................12
Chapter 4.........................................................................................................................14
Making flow happen...................................................................................................................14
Dangers of flow..........................................................................................................................15
Other optimal experiences.........................................................................................................16
Chapter 5.........................................................................................................................17
History of happiness...................................................................................................................17
Who is happy?............................................................................................................................17
Who is not happy?......................................................................................................................17
Why is it good to be happy?.......................................................................................................17
What happiness really is, or the science of subjective well-being...............................................18
Can we raise our subjective well-being?.....................................................................................18
What is important for happiness and what is not?.....................................................................19
Happiness and personality............................................................................................................................20
Happiness and relationships.........................................................................................................................20
Interesting facts about well-being..............................................................................................20
Chapter 6.........................................................................................................................22
Problems with existing approaches to happiness.......................................................................22
An alternative to hedonic happiness..........................................................................................22
Humanistic psychology and the actualizing tendency..................................................................................22
What lives under the umbrella of eudaimonia?..........................................................................23
1
, Psychological well-being...............................................................................................................................23
Self-determination theory............................................................................................................................23
Other eudaimonic theories...........................................................................................................................23
Personal development..................................................................................................................................25
Transcendence..............................................................................................................................................26
The very last note.......................................................................................................................26
Chapter 7.........................................................................................................................28
Values.........................................................................................................................................28
Motivation..................................................................................................................................29
Life goals....................................................................................................................................29
What goals?..................................................................................................................................................30
Chapter 11.......................................................................................................................31
The value of strengths................................................................................................................31
The VIA Classification of Strengths and Virtues..........................................................................32
Gallup’s StrengthsFinder.............................................................................................................34
CAPP’s Realise2..........................................................................................................................35
Playing to your Strengths?..........................................................................................................35
Chapter 12.......................................................................................................................37
Models of love............................................................................................................................37
Attachment theory........................................................................................................................................37
Triangular theory of love..............................................................................................................................38
Love styles.....................................................................................................................................................39
Passionate and compassionate love.............................................................................................................40
Love against time........................................................................................................................40
Minding model..............................................................................................................................................41
Chapter 14.......................................................................................................................43
Positive psychology and one-to-one practices............................................................................43
Coaching and therapy – differences and similarities....................................................................................43
Positive psychology coaching.......................................................................................................................44
Positive therapy............................................................................................................................................45
Positive psychology and education.............................................................................................46
The Penn Resilience Program.......................................................................................................................46
The SPARK resilience program......................................................................................................................46
The Skills of Well-being.................................................................................................................................47
Well-being Curriculum..................................................................................................................................47
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy.........................................................................................................47
Positive psychology and business...............................................................................................48
Well-being at work........................................................................................................................................48
Positive organizational scholarship..............................................................................................................49
Appreciative inquiry......................................................................................................................................50
2
, Chapter 1
What is Positive Psychology?
Positive psychology is a science of positive aspects of human life, such as happiness,
well-being and flourishing. It can be summarized as the ‘scientific study of optimal
human functioning that aims to discover and promote the factors that allow individuals
and communities to thrive’.
Psychology has more often than not emphasized the shortcomings of individuals rather
than their potentials. This particular approach focuses on the potentials. It is not
targeted at fixing problems but is focused on researching things that make life worth
living instead. Positive psychology is not focused on bringing -8 to -2, but on brining +2
to +8.
This orientation in psychology was established around 2000 and is a rapidly developing
field. Its aspiration is to bring solid empirical research into areas such as well-being,
flow, personal strengths, wisdom, creativity, psychological health and characteristics of
positive groups and institutions.
Three Levels of positive psychology
The science of positive psychology operates on three different levels;
1. The subjective level; this includes the study of positive experiences such as
joy, well-being, satisfaction, contentment, happiness, optimism and flow. This
level is about feeling good, rather than doing or being good.
2. The individual level; this aims to identify the constituents of the ‘good life’ and
the personal qualities that are necessary for being a ‘good person’, through
studying human strengths and virtues, future mindedness, capacity for love,
courage, perseverance, forgiveness, originality, wisdom, interpersonal skills and
giftedness.
3. The group or community level; this lies the emphasis on civic virtues, social
responsibilities, nurturance, altruism, civility, tolerance, work ethics, positive
institutions and other factors that contribute to the development if citizenship and
communities and reaching beyond oneself. This level is more about taking actions
or positive behaviors aimed at something larger than ourselves.
3
