Summary NUR 2356 Study Guide Exam 1

NUR 2356 Study Guide Exam 1 Maslow Hierarchy of Needs—Think about Nursing Interventions to achieve the appropriate level. A. Different aspects of needs for a human being. Basic Physiological Needs: 1. Air – Promote & Prevent: infection control measures (proper handwashing), smoking cessation to prevent COPD, vaccinations to prevent influenza & pneumonia, be aware of exposure to respiratory conditions (TB, influenza). Decreased gas exchange: treat underlying cause often w/drug therapy (antihistamines, decongestants, glucocorticoids, bronchos, mucolytics, antimircobes), put pt. in semi-fowlers to improve chest expansion, teach need for coughing and deep breathings to enhance lung expansion & decrease breathing effort, teach correct use of incentive spirometry & inhalers, administer O2 & monitor pulse ox to determine effectiveness. 2. Food- Nutrition. Prevent & Promote: healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise and adequate nutrients, promote optimal nutrition, BMI 19-24.9, educate avoiding high-calorie, high-fat foods w/no nutritive value, collab w/interprofessional team to implement appropriate interventions. Maintenance: collab to improve nutrition depend on cause of decreased nutrition. include high-protein oral supplements, enteral supplements, or parenteral nutrition. Collab w/dietitian for instructions regarding enteral feedings; consult w/pharmacist to administer parenteral therapy. Drug therapy, Weight checks once a week or as prescribed, using same scale at same time before breakfast. Obese pt’s may be prescribed drug therapy to hep lose weight or bariatric surgery. 3. Water – Promote F&E & Prevent Imbalance: Teach to drink 8-12 glasses per day to prevent dehydration & potential UTI, eat well balanced diet, follow medication indications. Imbalance Interventions: #1 Priority-Patient safety & comfort measures. Deficit intervention is fluid replacement, electrolyte replacement (orally or parenterally). Overload require fluid restriction, diuretics for CHF to prevent pulmonary edema, teach pt. importance of elevating legs if edema is noted in lower extremities. 4. Temperature regulation – balance between