Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank

Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE Table of Contents Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE Chapter 2. CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS Chapter 3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND GENETIC DISEASES Chapter 4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chapter 5. INFECTIOUS DISEASE Chapter 6. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION Chapter 7. NEOPLASIA Chapter 8. BLOOD AND CLOTTING Chapter 9. CIRCULATION Chapter 10. HEART Chapter 11. LUNGS Chapter 12. KIDNEYS Chapter 13. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Chapter 14. LIVER Chapter 15. NERVOUS SYSTEM Chapter 16. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 17. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include: A) fever. B) fatigue. C) redness. D) granuloma. 2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized: A) bleeding. B) congestion. C) pale skin. D) coolness. 3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great numbers? A) Basophils B) Lymphocytes C) Neutrophils D) Platelets 4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial step in the process? A) Engulfment B) Intracellular killing C) Antigen margination D) Recognition and adherence 5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary permeability and pain? A) Serotonin B) Histamine C) Bradykinin D) Nitric oxide 6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells? A) Serous B) Fibrinous C) Suppurative D) Membranous 7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of inflammation and includes: A) fever and lethargy. B) decreased C-reactive protein. C) positive nitrogen balance. D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by which of the following phenomena? A) Profuse fibrinous exudation B) A shift to the left of granulocytes C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages 9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that: A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. C) block viral replication in cells. D) inhibit prostaglandin release. 10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted . to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation? A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces B) Chemotaxis C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris 11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of . experiencing chronic inflammation? A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle 12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range? . A) 35.9C (96.6F) B) 38.0C (100.4F) C) 35.5C (95.9F) D) 37.3C (99.1F) 13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit . states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss? A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles D) Decreased urine production 14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a . draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is most likely the primary cause of her request? A) Evaporation and conduction B) Radiation and convection C) Conduction and convection D) Convection and evaporation 15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing . the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply. A) Acute inflammation B) Obesity C) Myocardial infarction D) Malignancy E) Renal failure 16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to . developing a neurogenic fever? A) A patient who has stage II Alzheimer disease B) A patient who has sustained a head injury in a bicycle crash C) A patient who has become delirious after the administration of a benzodiazepine D) A patient who has begun taking a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of depression 17 Patients are commonly administered antipyretics when their oral temperature . exceeds 37.5C (99.5F). Which of the following statements related to the rationale for this action is most accurate? A) Temperatures in excess of 37.5C (99.5F) can result in seizure activity. B) Lower temperatures inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria. C) There is little empirical evidence for this treatment modality. D) Most common antipyretics have been shown to have little effect on core temperature. 18 A patient has sought care because of recent malaise and high fever. Upon . assessment, the patient states that his current fever began two days earlier, although he states that for the last 2 weeks he is in a cycle of high fever for a couple of days followed by a day or two of normal temperature. Which of the following fever patterns is this patient experiencing? A) Recurrent fever B) Remittent fever C) Sustained fever D) Intermittent fever 19 A febrile, 3-week-old infant has been brought to the emergency department . by his parents and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup to determine the cause of his fever. Which of the following statements best conveys the rationale for this careful examination? A) The immature hypothalamus is unable to perform normal thermoregulation. B) Infants are susceptible to serious infections because of their decreased immune function. C) Commonly used antipyretics often have no effect on the core temperature of infants. D) Fever in neonates is often evidence of a congenital disorder rather than an infection. 20 An 84-year-old patients blood cultures have come back positive, despite the . fact that his oral temperature has remained within normal range. Which of the following phenomena underlies the alterations in fever response that occur in the elderly? A) Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center B) Increased heat loss by evaporation C) The presence of comorbidities that are associated with lowered core temperature D) Persistent closure of arteriovenous shunts