LABORATORY NOTEBOOK — BLOOD GLUCOSE ASSIGNMENT
Name of the researcher: Arzu Burak
Date: 25-09-2021
Aim of the experiment
The aim of this experiment is to introduce techniques for biochemical analysis and to learn how to
perform and record an experiment.
Background of the experiment
Glucose is transported through the mucosal lining into the epithelial cells of the intestine
by active transport, via a sodium-dependent transporter. The only mechanism by which cells
can take up glucose is by facilitated diffusion through a family of hexose transporters. The
hormones insulin and glucagon regulate the blood glucose level.
With hypoglycemia the blood sugar level in your blood drops too low. A possible cause of
hypoglycemia is too much insulin or other diabetes. Hypoglycemia can also occur if you eat
less than usual after taking diabetes medication, or if you exercise more than you normally do
Hyperglycemia on the other hand, means there is too much sugar in the blood, because the
body lacks enough insulin. Stress or eating too much are possible causes of hyperglycemia.
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Both types of diabetes are chronic
diseases that affect the way your body regulates blood sugar, or glucose. Type 1 diabetes is an
autoimmune disease. It occurs when the insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas are
completely destroyed, so the body can't produce any insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the islet cells
are still working. However, the body is resistant to insulin.
Methods and techniques used:
1. Two capillaries of blood (around 100 μL) were drawn from the test person.
2. Deproteinize the blood.
3. 100 μL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 5 test tubes and 500 μL of 0.45% ZnSO4-solution is added.
After a gel is formed, the 100 μL blood (sample) is added to one of the tubes.
4. Glucose solution and water are pipetted to the remaining four tubes to make 100 μL
standards of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM glucose. The tubes are incubated in a boiling water bath for
3 minutes.
5. Centrifuge all tubes for 5 minutes at maximum speed in a table centrifuge.
6. After centrifugation 50 μL of the deproteinized supernatant is transferred to a fresh test
tube.
7. 2 ml glucose reagent is added to all tubes, tubes are vortexed and incubated in the
dark for 30 minutes.
8. Measure the initial glucose concentration in sample and standards using a
spectrometer at 505 nm.
Deviations from the protocol: in the video 100 μL of the supernatant is been taken, but in the
protocol, it says 50 μL.
Name of the researcher: Arzu Burak
Date: 25-09-2021
Aim of the experiment
The aim of this experiment is to introduce techniques for biochemical analysis and to learn how to
perform and record an experiment.
Background of the experiment
Glucose is transported through the mucosal lining into the epithelial cells of the intestine
by active transport, via a sodium-dependent transporter. The only mechanism by which cells
can take up glucose is by facilitated diffusion through a family of hexose transporters. The
hormones insulin and glucagon regulate the blood glucose level.
With hypoglycemia the blood sugar level in your blood drops too low. A possible cause of
hypoglycemia is too much insulin or other diabetes. Hypoglycemia can also occur if you eat
less than usual after taking diabetes medication, or if you exercise more than you normally do
Hyperglycemia on the other hand, means there is too much sugar in the blood, because the
body lacks enough insulin. Stress or eating too much are possible causes of hyperglycemia.
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Both types of diabetes are chronic
diseases that affect the way your body regulates blood sugar, or glucose. Type 1 diabetes is an
autoimmune disease. It occurs when the insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas are
completely destroyed, so the body can't produce any insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the islet cells
are still working. However, the body is resistant to insulin.
Methods and techniques used:
1. Two capillaries of blood (around 100 μL) were drawn from the test person.
2. Deproteinize the blood.
3. 100 μL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 5 test tubes and 500 μL of 0.45% ZnSO4-solution is added.
After a gel is formed, the 100 μL blood (sample) is added to one of the tubes.
4. Glucose solution and water are pipetted to the remaining four tubes to make 100 μL
standards of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM glucose. The tubes are incubated in a boiling water bath for
3 minutes.
5. Centrifuge all tubes for 5 minutes at maximum speed in a table centrifuge.
6. After centrifugation 50 μL of the deproteinized supernatant is transferred to a fresh test
tube.
7. 2 ml glucose reagent is added to all tubes, tubes are vortexed and incubated in the
dark for 30 minutes.
8. Measure the initial glucose concentration in sample and standards using a
spectrometer at 505 nm.
Deviations from the protocol: in the video 100 μL of the supernatant is been taken, but in the
protocol, it says 50 μL.
