TEST BANK FOR KUBY IMMUNOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY OWEN

2. Which is the best definition of “immunity”? A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen D. When the immune system is activated E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection Answer: B Section: A Historical Perspective Difficulty: 1 Hint: Vaccines can induce immunity. 3. What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated? A. It becomes more dangerous to the host. B. It gets smaller. C. It has weakened virulence. D. At becomes older. E. All of the above Answer: C Section: A Historical Perspective Difficulty: 2 Hint: Attenuated viruses are used as vaccines. 4. Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity? A. A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States. Several babies contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations. B. Certain populations of cattle are less susceptible to infection with encephalitis because of their genetic makeup. C. Once a certain threshold of individuals has been infected with a novel human pathogen, it is unlikely that any more will be. D. Geese and chickens are infected with different strains of influenza because they express different receptors on their cell surface. E. When infection spreads through a population, certain individuals generate stronger immune responses than others. Answer: A Section: A Historical Perspective Difficulty: 2 Hint: The herd protects the individual. 5. Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?