Samenvatting Anatomy section 1: Organization of the body
H1: anatomical terminology
Anatomical position
Body upright
Face and feet facing forward
Legs & feet parallel
Arms hanging at the side
Directional terms and relationship
Posterior (toward back of the body) <-> anterior (front body)
Superior (toward head) <-> Inferior (toward feet)
Proximal (limb toward head) <-> Distal (limb farther from trunk or point of origin)
Medial (Closer to midline) <-> Lateral (away from midline)
Interal (inward) <-> external (outward)
Superficial (closer to surface) <-> Deep (farther from surface)
Exception regarding relative relationships within the limbs
Radial (thumb side) <-> Ulnar (little finger side) upper limb
Fibular (side of the little toe) <-> Tibial (side of the big toe) lower limb
Planes of movement and axes
Frontal/coronel plane pivot around
sagittal axis
Sagittal plane pivot around frontal
axis
Transverse plane pivot around
longitudinal axis
The axis corresponding to the plane is always
perpendicular to the plane
Joint movements
, Physiological motions
o On sagittal plane Extension (straightens out, increases angle further =
hyperextension) <-> Flexion (bending, decreases angle)
Exception in feet where it is plantarflexion <-> dorsiflexion
o On frontal plane Abduction (away from midline) <-> adduction (towards)
o On transverse plane External rotation (away from midline) <-> internal
rotation (towards)
Exception in hand Supination <-> pronation
Exception feet Eversion <-> inversion
o Circumduction = circular movement, combination frontal & transverse plane
o Shoulder-specific elevation (upwards) <-> depression (downwards) &
Protraction (outwards) <-> retraction (inwards) & up/downward rotation
o Finger-specific opposition (thumb and pinky touch) <->
reposition (flathand)
o Accessory motions
Roll
Glide
Spin
Center & Line of gravity
Center = imaginary point around which the weight of all
parts of the body is in balance
Location depends on
o Posture (if it doesn’t go through the base you need
external support)
o Proportions body parts
o Distribution fat & muscle
o Structural deformities
Line = vertical line through center of gravity
Muscles & ligaments help maintain the position in relation to the line of gravity
H2: Main tissues of the muscoskeletal system
H1: anatomical terminology
Anatomical position
Body upright
Face and feet facing forward
Legs & feet parallel
Arms hanging at the side
Directional terms and relationship
Posterior (toward back of the body) <-> anterior (front body)
Superior (toward head) <-> Inferior (toward feet)
Proximal (limb toward head) <-> Distal (limb farther from trunk or point of origin)
Medial (Closer to midline) <-> Lateral (away from midline)
Interal (inward) <-> external (outward)
Superficial (closer to surface) <-> Deep (farther from surface)
Exception regarding relative relationships within the limbs
Radial (thumb side) <-> Ulnar (little finger side) upper limb
Fibular (side of the little toe) <-> Tibial (side of the big toe) lower limb
Planes of movement and axes
Frontal/coronel plane pivot around
sagittal axis
Sagittal plane pivot around frontal
axis
Transverse plane pivot around
longitudinal axis
The axis corresponding to the plane is always
perpendicular to the plane
Joint movements
, Physiological motions
o On sagittal plane Extension (straightens out, increases angle further =
hyperextension) <-> Flexion (bending, decreases angle)
Exception in feet where it is plantarflexion <-> dorsiflexion
o On frontal plane Abduction (away from midline) <-> adduction (towards)
o On transverse plane External rotation (away from midline) <-> internal
rotation (towards)
Exception in hand Supination <-> pronation
Exception feet Eversion <-> inversion
o Circumduction = circular movement, combination frontal & transverse plane
o Shoulder-specific elevation (upwards) <-> depression (downwards) &
Protraction (outwards) <-> retraction (inwards) & up/downward rotation
o Finger-specific opposition (thumb and pinky touch) <->
reposition (flathand)
o Accessory motions
Roll
Glide
Spin
Center & Line of gravity
Center = imaginary point around which the weight of all
parts of the body is in balance
Location depends on
o Posture (if it doesn’t go through the base you need
external support)
o Proportions body parts
o Distribution fat & muscle
o Structural deformities
Line = vertical line through center of gravity
Muscles & ligaments help maintain the position in relation to the line of gravity
H2: Main tissues of the muscoskeletal system
