Samenvatting
Pathofysiologie en
pathologische
Biochemie
Rebecca
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2025-2026
1
,Inleiding
Inleiding.................................................................................................................................. 2
Hoofdstuk 1: Algemene inleiding......................................................................................... 5
Diagnose............................................................................................................................ 7
Primaire oorzaak vs. secundaire pathologie vs. symptomen!............................................ 8
Klinisch redeneren..............................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 2: Waterhuishouding...........................................................................................9
Storingen in de waterhuishouding.................................................................................... 12
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 13
Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 14
Prognose.................................................................................................................... 15
Hyperhydratatie................................................................................................................ 15
Oedeem............................................................................................................................16
Oorzaken.................................................................................................................... 16
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 18
Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 18
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 19
Dehydratatie..................................................................................................................... 19
Hypertone dehydratatie.................................................................................................... 19
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 20
Prognose.................................................................................................................... 21
Isotone dehydratatie.........................................................................................................21
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 23
Prognose.................................................................................................................... 23
Hypotone dehydratatie..................................................................................................... 23
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 24
Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 24
Therapie..................................................................................................................... 24
Maken van een isotone oplossing.................................................................................... 24
Hoeveelheid vocht............................................................................................................24
Hoofdstuk 3: Zuur-base evenwicht.................................................................................... 26
Buffers.............................................................................................................................. 26
Eiwitten als buffer............................................................................................................. 26
Regelmechanismen op orgaanniveau..............................................................................27
Respiratorische regeling...................................................................................................27
Renale regeling................................................................................................................ 27
Cellulaire regeling.............................................................................................................27
Respiratorische acidose................................................................................................... 28
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 28
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 28
Metabole acidose............................................................................................................. 28
2
, Symptomen................................................................................................................ 29
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 30
Respiratorische alkalose.................................................................................................. 30
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 31
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 31
Metabole alkalose............................................................................................................ 31
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 32
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 32
Gemengde zuurbase stoornissen.................................................................................... 32
Anion gap......................................................................................................................... 32
Strong ion theory.............................................................................................................. 33
Dieetfactoren.................................................................................................................... 33
Diarree bij kalveren artikel................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 4: Mineralen....................................................................................................... 34
Kalium.............................................................................................................................. 34
Kalium huishouding.................................................................................................... 34
Mediatie cellulaire opnamen.......................................................................................34
Afwijkingen in K huishouding......................................................................................35
Hypokaliemie........................................................................................................ 35
Hyperkaliemie.......................................................................................................35
Calcium............................................................................................................................ 36
Voorkomen en functies...............................................................................................37
Relatie Ca, P en H......................................................................................................37
Invloed op celmembraan............................................................................................ 37
Rol Ca in andere cellen.............................................................................................. 38
Regeling van Calcemie.............................................................................................. 38
Passieve regeling....................................................................................................... 38
Actieve regeling.......................................................................................................... 38
Afwijkingen in Ca huishouding................................................................................... 39
Hypocalcemie....................................................................................................... 39
Hypocalcemie rund/schaap.................................................................................. 39
Hypocalcemie Paard............................................................................................ 42
Hypercalcemie......................................................................................................43
Fosfor............................................................................................................................... 44
Functies...................................................................................................................... 44
Regeling P gehalte..................................................................................................... 44
Postparturiënt hemoglobinurie (post-partum hemoglobinurie)............................. 45
Hyperfosfatemie................................................................................................... 45
Magnesium.......................................................................................................................45
Functie........................................................................................................................45
Afwijkingen in Mg huishouding................................................................................... 46
Hypomagnesemie Rund....................................................................................... 46
IJzer..................................................................................................................................48
Voorkomen en functie.................................................................................................48
3
, Excretie...................................................................................................................... 48
Behoefte..................................................................................................................... 48
Afwijkingen in Fe huishouding....................................................................................48
Tekorten................................................................................................................48
Fe deficiëntie bij biggen........................................................................................49
Fe deficiëntie bij paarden..................................................................................... 49
Fe toxiciteit........................................................................................................... 49
Biologische belang..................................................................................................... 49
Transferrine.......................................................................................................... 49
Ferritine................................................................................................................ 49
Hemosiderine....................................................................................................... 49
Lactoferritine.........................................................................................................50
Zink...................................................................................................................................50
Tekorten......................................................................................................................50
Kobalt............................................................................................................................... 50
Jood..................................................................................................................................50
Selenium.......................................................................................................................... 50
Koper................................................................................................................................51
Hoofdstuk 5: Vet- en koolhydraatstofwisseling................................................................ 52
Vetstofwisseling................................................................................................................52
Vetzuren en lipiden.....................................................................................................52
Vetzuren............................................................................................................... 52
Vertering en absorptie van lipiden........................................................................ 52
In de circulatie...................................................................................................... 52
In de lever.............................................................................................................53
Metabolisme van vet in het lichaam..................................................................... 53
Lipoproteïnen............................................................................................................. 53
Afwijkingen in het vetmetabolisme............................................................................. 54
DOHAD en Thrifty fenotype..................................................................................55
Equine Metabool Syndroom................................................................................. 56
Hyperlipaemie: ponys en paarden........................................................................57
Laag melkvetgehalte............................................................................................ 58
Ketonemie bij herkauwers.................................................................................... 59
Fat cow syndroom................................................................................................ 64
Drachtigheidstoxemie bij schapen........................................................................65
Koolhydraatstofwisseling..................................................................................................66
Resorptie.................................................................................................................... 66
Niet herkauwers: Paard........................................................................................ 66
Bij volwassen herkauwers.................................................................................... 66
Storingen in de resorptie............................................................................................ 66
Glucosestofwisseling........................................................................................................67
Hormonale regeling van KH metabolisme..................................................................68
Insuline................................................................................................................. 68
Glucagon.............................................................................................................. 68
4
Pathofysiologie en
pathologische
Biochemie
Rebecca
Universiteit Antwerpen, 2025-2026
1
,Inleiding
Inleiding.................................................................................................................................. 2
Hoofdstuk 1: Algemene inleiding......................................................................................... 5
Diagnose............................................................................................................................ 7
Primaire oorzaak vs. secundaire pathologie vs. symptomen!............................................ 8
Klinisch redeneren..............................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 2: Waterhuishouding...........................................................................................9
Storingen in de waterhuishouding.................................................................................... 12
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 13
Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 14
Prognose.................................................................................................................... 15
Hyperhydratatie................................................................................................................ 15
Oedeem............................................................................................................................16
Oorzaken.................................................................................................................... 16
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 18
Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 18
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 19
Dehydratatie..................................................................................................................... 19
Hypertone dehydratatie.................................................................................................... 19
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 20
Prognose.................................................................................................................... 21
Isotone dehydratatie.........................................................................................................21
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 23
Prognose.................................................................................................................... 23
Hypotone dehydratatie..................................................................................................... 23
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 24
Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 24
Therapie..................................................................................................................... 24
Maken van een isotone oplossing.................................................................................... 24
Hoeveelheid vocht............................................................................................................24
Hoofdstuk 3: Zuur-base evenwicht.................................................................................... 26
Buffers.............................................................................................................................. 26
Eiwitten als buffer............................................................................................................. 26
Regelmechanismen op orgaanniveau..............................................................................27
Respiratorische regeling...................................................................................................27
Renale regeling................................................................................................................ 27
Cellulaire regeling.............................................................................................................27
Respiratorische acidose................................................................................................... 28
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 28
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 28
Metabole acidose............................................................................................................. 28
2
, Symptomen................................................................................................................ 29
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 30
Respiratorische alkalose.................................................................................................. 30
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 31
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 31
Metabole alkalose............................................................................................................ 31
Symptomen................................................................................................................ 32
Behandeling............................................................................................................... 32
Gemengde zuurbase stoornissen.................................................................................... 32
Anion gap......................................................................................................................... 32
Strong ion theory.............................................................................................................. 33
Dieetfactoren.................................................................................................................... 33
Diarree bij kalveren artikel................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 4: Mineralen....................................................................................................... 34
Kalium.............................................................................................................................. 34
Kalium huishouding.................................................................................................... 34
Mediatie cellulaire opnamen.......................................................................................34
Afwijkingen in K huishouding......................................................................................35
Hypokaliemie........................................................................................................ 35
Hyperkaliemie.......................................................................................................35
Calcium............................................................................................................................ 36
Voorkomen en functies...............................................................................................37
Relatie Ca, P en H......................................................................................................37
Invloed op celmembraan............................................................................................ 37
Rol Ca in andere cellen.............................................................................................. 38
Regeling van Calcemie.............................................................................................. 38
Passieve regeling....................................................................................................... 38
Actieve regeling.......................................................................................................... 38
Afwijkingen in Ca huishouding................................................................................... 39
Hypocalcemie....................................................................................................... 39
Hypocalcemie rund/schaap.................................................................................. 39
Hypocalcemie Paard............................................................................................ 42
Hypercalcemie......................................................................................................43
Fosfor............................................................................................................................... 44
Functies...................................................................................................................... 44
Regeling P gehalte..................................................................................................... 44
Postparturiënt hemoglobinurie (post-partum hemoglobinurie)............................. 45
Hyperfosfatemie................................................................................................... 45
Magnesium.......................................................................................................................45
Functie........................................................................................................................45
Afwijkingen in Mg huishouding................................................................................... 46
Hypomagnesemie Rund....................................................................................... 46
IJzer..................................................................................................................................48
Voorkomen en functie.................................................................................................48
3
, Excretie...................................................................................................................... 48
Behoefte..................................................................................................................... 48
Afwijkingen in Fe huishouding....................................................................................48
Tekorten................................................................................................................48
Fe deficiëntie bij biggen........................................................................................49
Fe deficiëntie bij paarden..................................................................................... 49
Fe toxiciteit........................................................................................................... 49
Biologische belang..................................................................................................... 49
Transferrine.......................................................................................................... 49
Ferritine................................................................................................................ 49
Hemosiderine....................................................................................................... 49
Lactoferritine.........................................................................................................50
Zink...................................................................................................................................50
Tekorten......................................................................................................................50
Kobalt............................................................................................................................... 50
Jood..................................................................................................................................50
Selenium.......................................................................................................................... 50
Koper................................................................................................................................51
Hoofdstuk 5: Vet- en koolhydraatstofwisseling................................................................ 52
Vetstofwisseling................................................................................................................52
Vetzuren en lipiden.....................................................................................................52
Vetzuren............................................................................................................... 52
Vertering en absorptie van lipiden........................................................................ 52
In de circulatie...................................................................................................... 52
In de lever.............................................................................................................53
Metabolisme van vet in het lichaam..................................................................... 53
Lipoproteïnen............................................................................................................. 53
Afwijkingen in het vetmetabolisme............................................................................. 54
DOHAD en Thrifty fenotype..................................................................................55
Equine Metabool Syndroom................................................................................. 56
Hyperlipaemie: ponys en paarden........................................................................57
Laag melkvetgehalte............................................................................................ 58
Ketonemie bij herkauwers.................................................................................... 59
Fat cow syndroom................................................................................................ 64
Drachtigheidstoxemie bij schapen........................................................................65
Koolhydraatstofwisseling..................................................................................................66
Resorptie.................................................................................................................... 66
Niet herkauwers: Paard........................................................................................ 66
Bij volwassen herkauwers.................................................................................... 66
Storingen in de resorptie............................................................................................ 66
Glucosestofwisseling........................................................................................................67
Hormonale regeling van KH metabolisme..................................................................68
Insuline................................................................................................................. 68
Glucagon.............................................................................................................. 68
4
