Antibiotics
Cell Wall
Penicillin Inhibit cell wall synthesis during 1) Natural Penicillins: gram-pos + spirochetes
active cell binary fission 2) Beta-lactamases resistance: MRSA
3) Aminopenicillins: gram-pos + gram-neg
4) Ureidopenicillins: Pseudomonas + resistant gram-negative rods
Cephalosporin *similar to penicillin 1st generation: gram-positive cocci (except enterococci & MRSA)
2nd generation: 1st + gram-neg + Bacteroides (except P. aeruginosa)
3rd generation: 1st + gram-negative (include P. aeruginosa), MRSA
4th generation: Enterobacter
Carbapenem *similar to penicillin Gram-negative rods, gram-positive, anaerobes
Glycopeptides *similar to penicillin Staphylococci, enterococci, clostridium
Cell Membrane
Polymyxins Destroy active t. & permeability P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter baumannii
Protein
Tetracycline Inhibit binding of aminoacyl-tRNA (Intracellular) Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, (Lack cell wall) Mycoplasma
*teeth discoloration to 30s subunit pneumoniae
Chloramphenicol Block attachment of AA on 50s Salmonella, meningococci, H. influenzae
*gray baby syndrome subunit
Macrolides Interfere translocation & initiation Pneumococci, M. pneumoniae, gram-positive, streptococci, corynebacteria,
*for allergic penicillin complex by attach 50s Chlamydia, Legion.
Clindamycin Interfere translocate, initiate 50s Bacteroides fragilis, anaerobes
Oxazolidinones Interfere translate, initiation 30s Pneumoniae, bacteremia, skin & soft tissue infection (Linezolid)
Aminoglycosides Attach & inhibit function of 30s Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, bacteremia, endocarditis
Nucleic Acid
Quinolones Block DNA gyrase, topoiso IV Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Neisseriae, Chlamydiae, P aeru.
Sulfonamides & Inhibit folic acid synthesis *Combined: S. aureus, MRSA, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. coli,
Trimethoprim Proteus, Y. enterocolitica, N. gonorrhoeae, B. pseudomallei
Metronidazole Free radical form, DNA break Anaerobes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Helicobacter pylori, G. vaginalis
Rifamycin Inhibit RNA synthesis: RNA pol Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cell Wall
Penicillin Inhibit cell wall synthesis during 1) Natural Penicillins: gram-pos + spirochetes
active cell binary fission 2) Beta-lactamases resistance: MRSA
3) Aminopenicillins: gram-pos + gram-neg
4) Ureidopenicillins: Pseudomonas + resistant gram-negative rods
Cephalosporin *similar to penicillin 1st generation: gram-positive cocci (except enterococci & MRSA)
2nd generation: 1st + gram-neg + Bacteroides (except P. aeruginosa)
3rd generation: 1st + gram-negative (include P. aeruginosa), MRSA
4th generation: Enterobacter
Carbapenem *similar to penicillin Gram-negative rods, gram-positive, anaerobes
Glycopeptides *similar to penicillin Staphylococci, enterococci, clostridium
Cell Membrane
Polymyxins Destroy active t. & permeability P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter baumannii
Protein
Tetracycline Inhibit binding of aminoacyl-tRNA (Intracellular) Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, (Lack cell wall) Mycoplasma
*teeth discoloration to 30s subunit pneumoniae
Chloramphenicol Block attachment of AA on 50s Salmonella, meningococci, H. influenzae
*gray baby syndrome subunit
Macrolides Interfere translocation & initiation Pneumococci, M. pneumoniae, gram-positive, streptococci, corynebacteria,
*for allergic penicillin complex by attach 50s Chlamydia, Legion.
Clindamycin Interfere translocate, initiate 50s Bacteroides fragilis, anaerobes
Oxazolidinones Interfere translate, initiation 30s Pneumoniae, bacteremia, skin & soft tissue infection (Linezolid)
Aminoglycosides Attach & inhibit function of 30s Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, bacteremia, endocarditis
Nucleic Acid
Quinolones Block DNA gyrase, topoiso IV Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Neisseriae, Chlamydiae, P aeru.
Sulfonamides & Inhibit folic acid synthesis *Combined: S. aureus, MRSA, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. coli,
Trimethoprim Proteus, Y. enterocolitica, N. gonorrhoeae, B. pseudomallei
Metronidazole Free radical form, DNA break Anaerobes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Helicobacter pylori, G. vaginalis
Rifamycin Inhibit RNA synthesis: RNA pol Mycobacterium tuberculosis
