,Inhoudsopgave
Endocrinologie ............................................................................................................................. 6
Hypofyse......................................................................................................................................... 6
Hypofysaire dwerggroei ................................................................................................................ 6
Acromegalie/ hypersomatotropisme ............................................................................................. 7
Hypofysetumoren ........................................................................................................................ 7
Centrale diabetes insipidus (CDI).................................................................................................. 8
Endocriene pancreas ....................................................................................................................... 9
Diabetes mellitus hond .............................................................................................................. 9
Diabetes mellitus kat ............................................................................................................... 11
Insulinoma ................................................................................................................................ 12
Bijnier ............................................................................................................................................13
Ziekte van Addison = hypoadrenocortisisme ............................................................................ 13
Syndroom van Cushing = hypercortisolisme............................................................................. 14
Felien hyperaldosteronisme ..................................................................................................... 16
Schildklier ......................................................................................................................................17
Hypothyroïdie hond .................................................................................................................. 17
Hyperthyroïdie kat .................................................................................................................... 18
Bijschildklier ..................................................................................................................................20
Hypoparathyroïdie ..................................................................................................................... 20
Hyperparathyroïdie .................................................................................................................... 21
Benadering hypercalcemie .............................................................................................................22
Benadering PU/PD ........................................................................................................................24
Gastro-enterologie ...................................................................................................................... 25
Mondholte .....................................................................................................................................25
Speekselklieren ..............................................................................................................................25
Slokdarm .......................................................................................................................................25
Oesofagale obstructie ................................................................................................................ 25
Megaoesofagus.......................................................................................................................... 26
Oesofagitis ................................................................................................................................ 26
Hernia hiatalis ........................................................................................................................... 27
Maag .............................................................................................................................................28
Chronische gastropathie ............................................................................................................ 28
Maagretentie ............................................................................................................................. 28
Maagulcera en -erosies .............................................................................................................. 29
Neoplasie maag ......................................................................................................................... 29
Dunne darm ...................................................................................................................................30
Acute enteropathie..................................................................................................................... 30
Chronische enteropathie ............................................................................................................ 30
Protein losing enteropathie (PLE) ................................................................................................ 32
Neoplasie dunne darm ............................................................................................................... 32
Colon.............................................................................................................................................33
2
, Idiopathische chronische colitis ................................................................................................. 33
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) ....................................................................................... 33
Constipatie ................................................................................................................................ 34
Ano-rectale aandoeningen ..............................................................................................................35
Lever .............................................................................................................................................35
Cholangitis kat ........................................................................................................................... 35
Hepatische lipidose kat .............................................................................................................. 35
Chronische hepatitis hond ......................................................................................................... 36
Galblaasmucoele hond .............................................................................................................. 38
Porto-systemische shunt (PSS) hond .......................................................................................... 39
Neoplasie lever .......................................................................................................................... 39
Uro-nefrologie ............................................................................................................................. 40
Acute kidney injury (AKI) ..................................................................................................................40
AKI vs CKD .....................................................................................................................................43
Glomerulaire ziekten – protein losing nefropathie (PLN) ....................................................................43
Urolithiasis .....................................................................................................................................46
Struviet = magnesium ammonium fosfaat ................................................................................... 46
Calciumoxalaat.......................................................................................................................... 47
Ammonium uraat ....................................................................................................................... 48
Cystine ...................................................................................................................................... 49
Silicilaten .................................................................................................................................. 49
Mictiestoornissen ...........................................................................................................................50
Urine-incontinentie .................................................................................................................... 51
Probleem gerichte benadering ..................................................................................................... 55
Splenomegalie ...............................................................................................................................55
Lymfadenopathie............................................................................................................................57
Groeiachterstand ...........................................................................................................................58
Koorts en FUO ................................................................................................................................59
Polyartritis......................................................................................................................................60
Hypertensie ...................................................................................................................................61
Critical care ................................................................................................................................ 63
Beoordeling spoed .........................................................................................................................63
Shock ............................................................................................................................................63
Vloeistoftherapie ............................................................................................................................65
Soorten vloeistof ........................................................................................................................ 66
Route vloeistoftherapie .............................................................................................................. 67
Techniek ................................................................................................................................... 67
Stabilisatie dyspnee........................................................................................................................68
Abdominale distensie .....................................................................................................................69
3
, Ascites ...................................................................................................................................... 69
Acuut abdomen ......................................................................................................................... 71
Voedingssondes .............................................................................................................................72
Hematologie ............................................................................................................................... 74
Erythrocytose – polycytemie ...........................................................................................................74
Stollingsstoornissen .......................................................................................................................75
Hemostase ................................................................................................................................ 75
Stollingstesten ........................................................................................................................... 76
Gestoorde hemostase ................................................................................................................ 77
Primaire hemostase ................................................................................................................... 77
Secundaire hemostase............................................................................................................... 78
Afwijkingen van de leukocyten .........................................................................................................81
Leukocytose .............................................................................................................................. 81
Neutrofilie ................................................................................................................................. 81
Neutropenie .............................................................................................................................. 81
Eosinofilie.................................................................................................................................. 82
Basofilie .................................................................................................................................... 82
Lymfocytose .............................................................................................................................. 82
Lymfopenie ................................................................................................................................ 82
Monocytose ............................................................................................................................... 82
Pancytopenie ............................................................................................................................. 83
Transfusies.....................................................................................................................................83
Respiratiestelsel ......................................................................................................................... 86
Neusvloei en niezen ........................................................................................................................86
(Inspiratoire) dyspnee met stridor ....................................................................................................89
Dyspnee zonder stridor ...................................................................................................................91
Pleurale en mediastinale aandoeningen ...................................................................................... 91
Hoesten .........................................................................................................................................96
Cardiologie ............................................................................................................................... 100
Diagnostische technieken ............................................................................................................. 100
Auscultatie en lichamelijk onderzoek ........................................................................................ 100
RX thorax ................................................................................................................................. 101
Echocardiografie ...................................................................................................................... 102
Electrocardiografie (ECG) ......................................................................................................... 102
Bloedonderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 111
Aangeboren hartafwijkingen .......................................................................................................... 111
Drukoverbelasting à concentrische hypertrofie ........................................................................ 112
Volume overbelasting à excentische hypertrofie ....................................................................... 114
Verworven hartaandoeningen........................................................................................................ 118
Pericardiale eausie = pericardovervulling .................................................................................. 118
Bacteriële valvulaire endocarditis ............................................................................................. 120
4
Endocrinologie ............................................................................................................................. 6
Hypofyse......................................................................................................................................... 6
Hypofysaire dwerggroei ................................................................................................................ 6
Acromegalie/ hypersomatotropisme ............................................................................................. 7
Hypofysetumoren ........................................................................................................................ 7
Centrale diabetes insipidus (CDI).................................................................................................. 8
Endocriene pancreas ....................................................................................................................... 9
Diabetes mellitus hond .............................................................................................................. 9
Diabetes mellitus kat ............................................................................................................... 11
Insulinoma ................................................................................................................................ 12
Bijnier ............................................................................................................................................13
Ziekte van Addison = hypoadrenocortisisme ............................................................................ 13
Syndroom van Cushing = hypercortisolisme............................................................................. 14
Felien hyperaldosteronisme ..................................................................................................... 16
Schildklier ......................................................................................................................................17
Hypothyroïdie hond .................................................................................................................. 17
Hyperthyroïdie kat .................................................................................................................... 18
Bijschildklier ..................................................................................................................................20
Hypoparathyroïdie ..................................................................................................................... 20
Hyperparathyroïdie .................................................................................................................... 21
Benadering hypercalcemie .............................................................................................................22
Benadering PU/PD ........................................................................................................................24
Gastro-enterologie ...................................................................................................................... 25
Mondholte .....................................................................................................................................25
Speekselklieren ..............................................................................................................................25
Slokdarm .......................................................................................................................................25
Oesofagale obstructie ................................................................................................................ 25
Megaoesofagus.......................................................................................................................... 26
Oesofagitis ................................................................................................................................ 26
Hernia hiatalis ........................................................................................................................... 27
Maag .............................................................................................................................................28
Chronische gastropathie ............................................................................................................ 28
Maagretentie ............................................................................................................................. 28
Maagulcera en -erosies .............................................................................................................. 29
Neoplasie maag ......................................................................................................................... 29
Dunne darm ...................................................................................................................................30
Acute enteropathie..................................................................................................................... 30
Chronische enteropathie ............................................................................................................ 30
Protein losing enteropathie (PLE) ................................................................................................ 32
Neoplasie dunne darm ............................................................................................................... 32
Colon.............................................................................................................................................33
2
, Idiopathische chronische colitis ................................................................................................. 33
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) ....................................................................................... 33
Constipatie ................................................................................................................................ 34
Ano-rectale aandoeningen ..............................................................................................................35
Lever .............................................................................................................................................35
Cholangitis kat ........................................................................................................................... 35
Hepatische lipidose kat .............................................................................................................. 35
Chronische hepatitis hond ......................................................................................................... 36
Galblaasmucoele hond .............................................................................................................. 38
Porto-systemische shunt (PSS) hond .......................................................................................... 39
Neoplasie lever .......................................................................................................................... 39
Uro-nefrologie ............................................................................................................................. 40
Acute kidney injury (AKI) ..................................................................................................................40
AKI vs CKD .....................................................................................................................................43
Glomerulaire ziekten – protein losing nefropathie (PLN) ....................................................................43
Urolithiasis .....................................................................................................................................46
Struviet = magnesium ammonium fosfaat ................................................................................... 46
Calciumoxalaat.......................................................................................................................... 47
Ammonium uraat ....................................................................................................................... 48
Cystine ...................................................................................................................................... 49
Silicilaten .................................................................................................................................. 49
Mictiestoornissen ...........................................................................................................................50
Urine-incontinentie .................................................................................................................... 51
Probleem gerichte benadering ..................................................................................................... 55
Splenomegalie ...............................................................................................................................55
Lymfadenopathie............................................................................................................................57
Groeiachterstand ...........................................................................................................................58
Koorts en FUO ................................................................................................................................59
Polyartritis......................................................................................................................................60
Hypertensie ...................................................................................................................................61
Critical care ................................................................................................................................ 63
Beoordeling spoed .........................................................................................................................63
Shock ............................................................................................................................................63
Vloeistoftherapie ............................................................................................................................65
Soorten vloeistof ........................................................................................................................ 66
Route vloeistoftherapie .............................................................................................................. 67
Techniek ................................................................................................................................... 67
Stabilisatie dyspnee........................................................................................................................68
Abdominale distensie .....................................................................................................................69
3
, Ascites ...................................................................................................................................... 69
Acuut abdomen ......................................................................................................................... 71
Voedingssondes .............................................................................................................................72
Hematologie ............................................................................................................................... 74
Erythrocytose – polycytemie ...........................................................................................................74
Stollingsstoornissen .......................................................................................................................75
Hemostase ................................................................................................................................ 75
Stollingstesten ........................................................................................................................... 76
Gestoorde hemostase ................................................................................................................ 77
Primaire hemostase ................................................................................................................... 77
Secundaire hemostase............................................................................................................... 78
Afwijkingen van de leukocyten .........................................................................................................81
Leukocytose .............................................................................................................................. 81
Neutrofilie ................................................................................................................................. 81
Neutropenie .............................................................................................................................. 81
Eosinofilie.................................................................................................................................. 82
Basofilie .................................................................................................................................... 82
Lymfocytose .............................................................................................................................. 82
Lymfopenie ................................................................................................................................ 82
Monocytose ............................................................................................................................... 82
Pancytopenie ............................................................................................................................. 83
Transfusies.....................................................................................................................................83
Respiratiestelsel ......................................................................................................................... 86
Neusvloei en niezen ........................................................................................................................86
(Inspiratoire) dyspnee met stridor ....................................................................................................89
Dyspnee zonder stridor ...................................................................................................................91
Pleurale en mediastinale aandoeningen ...................................................................................... 91
Hoesten .........................................................................................................................................96
Cardiologie ............................................................................................................................... 100
Diagnostische technieken ............................................................................................................. 100
Auscultatie en lichamelijk onderzoek ........................................................................................ 100
RX thorax ................................................................................................................................. 101
Echocardiografie ...................................................................................................................... 102
Electrocardiografie (ECG) ......................................................................................................... 102
Bloedonderzoek ....................................................................................................................... 111
Aangeboren hartafwijkingen .......................................................................................................... 111
Drukoverbelasting à concentrische hypertrofie ........................................................................ 112
Volume overbelasting à excentische hypertrofie ....................................................................... 114
Verworven hartaandoeningen........................................................................................................ 118
Pericardiale eausie = pericardovervulling .................................................................................. 118
Bacteriële valvulaire endocarditis ............................................................................................. 120
4
