BIOD 151 Module 2 Exam Answer key (portage learning)

BIOD 151 Module 2 Exam Answer key (portage learning) 1. Histology - ANSWER the study of cellular anatomy of a tissue or organ which can be viewed through a microscope 2. respiratory epithelium - ANSWER pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 3. cilia - ANSWER small hairlike structures 4. Function of cilia of respiratory epithelium - ANSWER sweep debris-laden mucus into pharynx to be swallowed 5. Pseudostratified - ANSWER This type of epithelial tissue appears to have multiple layers but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane 6. Columnar - ANSWER taller than wide 7. goblet cells - ANSWER produce mucus goblet/wineglass appearance 8. stratified squamous epithelium - ANSWER found at entrance to respiratory system - just inside the nostril (vestibule) of the nose 9. stratified - ANSWER more than one layer 10. squamous - ANSWER flattened 11. simple - ANSWER single layer 12. simple squamous epithelium - ANSWER single layer of flattened cells allows for gas exchange to occur in respiratory bronchioles 13. when bronchioles get smaller and reach the respiratory bronchioles - ANSWER the amount of goblet cells, ciliated cells, and cartilage decrease all are absent from the respiratory bronchioles level 14. three major cell types of alveoli - ANSWER 1) type I alveolar cells 2) type II alveolar cells 3) macrophages 15. what are the two epithelial cell types in the alveoli - ANSWER type I and type II alveolar cells 16. Type I alveolar cells - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium in junction with capillaries 95% of alveolar epithelium 17. Type II alveolar cells - ANSWER produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant that helps keep alveoli open 5% of alveolar epithelium can divide to replace damaged type I alveolar cells 18. alveolar macrophages - ANSWER dust cells 19. function of alveolar macrophages - ANSWER destroy toxic particles, allergens or infectious materials such as bacteria and other pathogens primary immune defense system of alveoli 20. Steps of Respiration (gas exchange) - ANSWER 1) breathing 2) external respiration 3) internal respiration 4) aerobic cellular respiration 21. breathing - ANSWER movement of air into and out of the lungs includes inspiration and expiration 22. inspiration - ANSWER breathing in 23. expiration - ANSWER breathing out 24. external respiration - ANSWER exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood 25. internal respiration - ANSWER exchange of gases between blood and tissues 26. aerobic cellular respiration - ANSWER Process of making ATP for cellular work 27. gas exchange in respiratory system - ANSWER happens via diffusion 28. qualities of an effective gas exchange region - ANSWER 1) moist 2) thin 3) large relative to size of the body 29. Diffusion is enhanced by - ANSWER extensive vascularization of the lungs 30. delivery of O2 to cells is promoted by - ANSWER an O2 carrying molecule such as hemoglobin 31. positives and negatives of air - ANSWER pos: richer source of O2 than water neg: has drying effect on respiratory surfaces 32. what happens when relative humidity of air is only 50% - ANSWER the lungs lose about 350ml H2O a day 33. ventilation - ANSWER movement of air in and out of the lungs 34. Rib cage during inhalation - ANSWER lifts superiorly and anteriorly to expand and open up lungs