MEDIA EN DIGITALE SAMENLEVING
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,Inhoudsopgave
1. THEMA 1: Artificiële intelligentie ......................................................................................... 5
1.1 The future I dream of .............................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Where are we now? ............................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Begrippen: ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 What is ai really? ............................................................................................................. 6
1.3 What is the cool thing about this? ........................................................................................... 9
1.4 What are LLM’s about? .........................................................................................................10
1.5 Technical challenges ............................................................................................................12
1.6 Pitfalls..................................................................................................................................14
1.7 What to remember ................................................................................................................16
1.8 Zelfstudie AI .........................................................................................................................17
1.8.1 Verdere verdieping Large language models ..................................................................... 17
1.8.2 Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: artikel UNESCO ........................ 23
1.8.3 De bias die AI systemen kunnen hebben op het vlak van gender en ras............................. 31
1.8.4 Context en basisprincipes van de Europese AI-act wordt uitgelegd .................................. 35
1.9 Q & A sessie AI......................................................................................................................39
1.9.1 Ecologie ........................................................................................................................ 39
1.9.2 Ethisch ......................................................................................................................... 43
1.9.3 Misbruik ........................................................................................................................ 47
1.9.4 Creatieve beroepen ....................................................................................................... 49
2. THEMA 2: Media, technologie en democratie ...................................................................... 53
2.1 Inleiding ...............................................................................................................................53
2.2 Democratie ..........................................................................................................................54
2.2.1 Kernwaarden en belangrijke elementen .......................................................................... 54
2.2.2 Rol van de (nieuws) media in een democratie ................................................................. 57
2.2.3 Media en democratie in tijden van platformisering .......................................................... 61
2.2.4 Samengevat .................................................................................................................. 64
2.3 Social media en democratie: diagnose ..................................................................................67
2.4 Onderzoek van Talia Stroud in de VS ......................................................................................68
2.4.1 Onderzoek 1 van talia stroud: ......................................................................................... 69
2.4.2 Onderzoek 2: ideologische segregatie ............................................................................ 70
2.4.3 Onderzoek 3: aanpassen van de feed ............................................................................. 71
2.4.4 Vervolgonderzoek: wat willen gebruikers zelf? ................................................................ 72
2.5 Sociale media en democratie: wat te doen? ...........................................................................73
2.5.1 Van diagnose naar interventies ...................................................................................... 73
2.5.2 Interventie 1: aanpassen van de Facebook feed .............................................................. 73
2.5.3 Interventie 2: ontvolgen van polariserende stemmen ...................................................... 76
2.6 AI en democratie ..................................................................................................................77
2.7 Zelfstudie .............................................................................................................................79
2.7.1 Onderzoeksrapport ....................................................................................................... 79
2.7.2 Ted talk “How AI and democracy can fix each other?” ..................................................... 84
2.8 Q & A Gastcollege Peter van Aelst..........................................................................................89
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, 3. THEMA 3: Media, technologie en welzijn ............................................................................. 97
3.1 Inleiding ...............................................................................................................................97
3.1.1 Media, technologie en welzijn in het publieke debat: ....................................................... 97
3.1.2 Vooruitblik binnen het thema ......................................................................................... 99
3.2 Maatschappelijke ongerustheid groeit ................................................................................. 100
3.2.1 Waarom die ongerustheid zo sterk is ............................................................................ 100
3.2.2 Van maatschappelijke ongerustheid naar media-effectenonderzoek ............................. 102
3.2.3 Nieuwe trends bij jongeren: voorbeelden van effecten via TikTok en Instagram ............... 103
3.2.4 Slotvraag van dit onderdeel .......................................................................................... 103
3.3 Generatiekloof in mediagebruik ........................................................................................... 104
3.4 Debat nav Boek Jonathan Haidt ........................................................................................... 106
3.4.1 Samenvatting “The Anxious Generation” – Haidt ........................................................... 106
3.4.2 Kritiek ......................................................................................................................... 107
3.4.3 Aanvullende bemerkingen ........................................................................................... 107
3.4.4 He’s on a mision .......................................................................................................... 107
3.5 Medische wereld & project awesome .................................................................................. 108
3.5.1 Hoe (beter) studeren? .................................................................................................. 109
3.5.2 Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 112
3.6 Belang van kinderrechten .................................................................................................... 113
3.7 Meta & Instagram ............................................................................................................... 116
3.8 Kan technologie welzijn van jongeren verbeteren? ................................................................ 118
3.9 Zelfstudie ........................................................................................................................... 121
3.9.1 Podcast ...................................................................................................................... 121
3.9.2 College: Waarom ga jij te laat naar bed? ....................................................................... 125
3.9.3 Onderzoeksrapport ..................................................................................................... 128
3.10 Q&A ............................................................................................................................... 133
4. THEMA 4: Cybercrime ...................................................................................................... 137
4.1 Gastcollege: “From Cyberattack tot Cyber Fortress” ............................................................ 137
4.1.1 Inleiding: ..................................................................................................................... 137
4.1.2 Cyberaanval op Antwerpen .......................................................................................... 137
4.1.3 Een heldere vlag .......................................................................................................... 138
4.1.4 Grote challenges & opportunities ................................................................................. 139
4.1.5 Huidige status: grote veranderingen gerealiseerd .......................................................... 139
4.1.6 Lessen geleerd ............................................................................................................ 140
4.2 Zelfstudie ........................................................................................................................... 141
4.2.1 Cyberspace................................................................................................................. 141
4.2.2 Online criminaliteit in criminologisch perspectief ......................................................... 147
4.3 Q&A: Cybercrime & digital forensics .................................................................................... 153
4.3.1 Introductie tot cybercrime ........................................................................................... 153
4.3.2 Typologie van cybercrime ............................................................................................ 155
4.3.3 Cyberweerbaarheid ..................................................................................................... 158
4.3.4 Digitaal forensisch onderzoek ...................................................................................... 158
4
,2
,Inhoudsopgave
1. THEMA 1: Artificiële intelligentie ......................................................................................... 5
1.1 The future I dream of .............................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Where are we now? ............................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Begrippen: ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 What is ai really? ............................................................................................................. 6
1.3 What is the cool thing about this? ........................................................................................... 9
1.4 What are LLM’s about? .........................................................................................................10
1.5 Technical challenges ............................................................................................................12
1.6 Pitfalls..................................................................................................................................14
1.7 What to remember ................................................................................................................16
1.8 Zelfstudie AI .........................................................................................................................17
1.8.1 Verdere verdieping Large language models ..................................................................... 17
1.8.2 Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: artikel UNESCO ........................ 23
1.8.3 De bias die AI systemen kunnen hebben op het vlak van gender en ras............................. 31
1.8.4 Context en basisprincipes van de Europese AI-act wordt uitgelegd .................................. 35
1.9 Q & A sessie AI......................................................................................................................39
1.9.1 Ecologie ........................................................................................................................ 39
1.9.2 Ethisch ......................................................................................................................... 43
1.9.3 Misbruik ........................................................................................................................ 47
1.9.4 Creatieve beroepen ....................................................................................................... 49
2. THEMA 2: Media, technologie en democratie ...................................................................... 53
2.1 Inleiding ...............................................................................................................................53
2.2 Democratie ..........................................................................................................................54
2.2.1 Kernwaarden en belangrijke elementen .......................................................................... 54
2.2.2 Rol van de (nieuws) media in een democratie ................................................................. 57
2.2.3 Media en democratie in tijden van platformisering .......................................................... 61
2.2.4 Samengevat .................................................................................................................. 64
2.3 Social media en democratie: diagnose ..................................................................................67
2.4 Onderzoek van Talia Stroud in de VS ......................................................................................68
2.4.1 Onderzoek 1 van talia stroud: ......................................................................................... 69
2.4.2 Onderzoek 2: ideologische segregatie ............................................................................ 70
2.4.3 Onderzoek 3: aanpassen van de feed ............................................................................. 71
2.4.4 Vervolgonderzoek: wat willen gebruikers zelf? ................................................................ 72
2.5 Sociale media en democratie: wat te doen? ...........................................................................73
2.5.1 Van diagnose naar interventies ...................................................................................... 73
2.5.2 Interventie 1: aanpassen van de Facebook feed .............................................................. 73
2.5.3 Interventie 2: ontvolgen van polariserende stemmen ...................................................... 76
2.6 AI en democratie ..................................................................................................................77
2.7 Zelfstudie .............................................................................................................................79
2.7.1 Onderzoeksrapport ....................................................................................................... 79
2.7.2 Ted talk “How AI and democracy can fix each other?” ..................................................... 84
2.8 Q & A Gastcollege Peter van Aelst..........................................................................................89
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, 3. THEMA 3: Media, technologie en welzijn ............................................................................. 97
3.1 Inleiding ...............................................................................................................................97
3.1.1 Media, technologie en welzijn in het publieke debat: ....................................................... 97
3.1.2 Vooruitblik binnen het thema ......................................................................................... 99
3.2 Maatschappelijke ongerustheid groeit ................................................................................. 100
3.2.1 Waarom die ongerustheid zo sterk is ............................................................................ 100
3.2.2 Van maatschappelijke ongerustheid naar media-effectenonderzoek ............................. 102
3.2.3 Nieuwe trends bij jongeren: voorbeelden van effecten via TikTok en Instagram ............... 103
3.2.4 Slotvraag van dit onderdeel .......................................................................................... 103
3.3 Generatiekloof in mediagebruik ........................................................................................... 104
3.4 Debat nav Boek Jonathan Haidt ........................................................................................... 106
3.4.1 Samenvatting “The Anxious Generation” – Haidt ........................................................... 106
3.4.2 Kritiek ......................................................................................................................... 107
3.4.3 Aanvullende bemerkingen ........................................................................................... 107
3.4.4 He’s on a mision .......................................................................................................... 107
3.5 Medische wereld & project awesome .................................................................................. 108
3.5.1 Hoe (beter) studeren? .................................................................................................. 109
3.5.2 Conclusie ................................................................................................................... 112
3.6 Belang van kinderrechten .................................................................................................... 113
3.7 Meta & Instagram ............................................................................................................... 116
3.8 Kan technologie welzijn van jongeren verbeteren? ................................................................ 118
3.9 Zelfstudie ........................................................................................................................... 121
3.9.1 Podcast ...................................................................................................................... 121
3.9.2 College: Waarom ga jij te laat naar bed? ....................................................................... 125
3.9.3 Onderzoeksrapport ..................................................................................................... 128
3.10 Q&A ............................................................................................................................... 133
4. THEMA 4: Cybercrime ...................................................................................................... 137
4.1 Gastcollege: “From Cyberattack tot Cyber Fortress” ............................................................ 137
4.1.1 Inleiding: ..................................................................................................................... 137
4.1.2 Cyberaanval op Antwerpen .......................................................................................... 137
4.1.3 Een heldere vlag .......................................................................................................... 138
4.1.4 Grote challenges & opportunities ................................................................................. 139
4.1.5 Huidige status: grote veranderingen gerealiseerd .......................................................... 139
4.1.6 Lessen geleerd ............................................................................................................ 140
4.2 Zelfstudie ........................................................................................................................... 141
4.2.1 Cyberspace................................................................................................................. 141
4.2.2 Online criminaliteit in criminologisch perspectief ......................................................... 147
4.3 Q&A: Cybercrime & digital forensics .................................................................................... 153
4.3.1 Introductie tot cybercrime ........................................................................................... 153
4.3.2 Typologie van cybercrime ............................................................................................ 155
4.3.3 Cyberweerbaarheid ..................................................................................................... 158
4.3.4 Digitaal forensisch onderzoek ...................................................................................... 158
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