BIO 252 FINAL LAB PRACTICUM CHAMBERLAIN
2026 QUESTIONS
◉ rugae. Answer: These are the foldings inside the stomach that
allow the stomach to expand and then it makes it so it doesn't tear
apart when it stretches
◉ fundus. Answer: store room in the stomach where some of the
food waits until we can deal with it.
◉ 3 smooth muscle layers in the stomach. Answer: Longitudinal
muscle most external
Circular muscle within that
And then most deep, oblique muscle
The cells lining the stomach secrete mucin (mucous)
The lining is dotted with millions of gastric pits
◉ What structural modification underlies the stomach's ability to
mechanically digest food?. Answer: The stomach has an extra group
of muscles called the oblique muscles that are responsible for the
churning and mechanical digestion of food
◉ chyme. Answer: Gastric juice + digestive food
,either delivered in small amounts to the duodenum or forced
backward into the stomach for further mixing
◉ The curious case of Alexis St Martin. Answer: Dr. William
Beaumont
In michigan, wanted to study the stomach and body
Alexis St Martin was shot and it went through left part of body. Went
through stomach and out
Took different types of food and tied it to a string and put it in his
stomach and waited and took it out to see if it was digested or not.
◉ Mucous neck cells. Answer: in the gastric glands.
Secrete a thin mucous layer
◉ Parietal cells. Answer: in the gastric glands. Secrete intrinsic
factor and hydrochloric acid
Intrinsic factor has nothing to do with stomach. Really is just
important protein that has receptors on walls of small intestine that
binds to essential vitamin (B12) because it can't be digested by itself
There is a sublingual supplement (put it under your tongue)
This lets you absorb B12 directly into the capillaries in the bottom of
your mouth
,◉ Chief cells. Answer: in the gastric glands. Secrete pepsinogen. This
gets modified and becomes an active enzyme. Becomes an enzyme in
an acidic environment called pepsin. Pepsin can do digestion of
proteins. Acidic environment comes from HCL from parietal cells
HCL assists in pepsin synthesis and activity
Breaking down cell walls of plant foods
Defense against pathogens
◉ gastric juice. Answer: Mucus, HCL, pepsinogen
Secreted to the lumen
◉ Enteroendocrine cells. Answer: G cells: Gastrin
Gastrin will go back and promote secretion of gastric juice
◉ How does gastrin from the bottom make it to parietal cells and
chief cells?. Answer: Gastrin is a protein that serves as a hormone so
it goes through the blood vessels.
◉ Dave Barnes had agonizing pain in his abdomen, followed by
heartburn and vomiting. The doctor told him he has a gastric ulcer in
his stomach, caused by the Helicobacter bacteria. It is most likely
that the bacteria:. Answer: Penetrated the mucus layer of the
stomach
, ◉ enteric system. Answer: Part of autonomic nervous system
From the gut
Acts as an independent system. More neurons here than in whole
spinal cord
All local reflexes
The nervous system of the stomach
Long reflexes (interacts with the brain)
Parasympathetic. Medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion and
vagus nerve goes all the way down to the stomach
◉ Three phases of regulation. Answer: Cephalic (head)
Gastric (stomach)
Intestinal (duodenum)
◉ What does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach?.
Answer: Secretin
Secreted by the small intestine and it inhibits gastric activity
◉ Peristaltic waves move toward the pylorus at the rate of 3 per min.
How?. Answer: We have cells that determine the pace
2026 QUESTIONS
◉ rugae. Answer: These are the foldings inside the stomach that
allow the stomach to expand and then it makes it so it doesn't tear
apart when it stretches
◉ fundus. Answer: store room in the stomach where some of the
food waits until we can deal with it.
◉ 3 smooth muscle layers in the stomach. Answer: Longitudinal
muscle most external
Circular muscle within that
And then most deep, oblique muscle
The cells lining the stomach secrete mucin (mucous)
The lining is dotted with millions of gastric pits
◉ What structural modification underlies the stomach's ability to
mechanically digest food?. Answer: The stomach has an extra group
of muscles called the oblique muscles that are responsible for the
churning and mechanical digestion of food
◉ chyme. Answer: Gastric juice + digestive food
,either delivered in small amounts to the duodenum or forced
backward into the stomach for further mixing
◉ The curious case of Alexis St Martin. Answer: Dr. William
Beaumont
In michigan, wanted to study the stomach and body
Alexis St Martin was shot and it went through left part of body. Went
through stomach and out
Took different types of food and tied it to a string and put it in his
stomach and waited and took it out to see if it was digested or not.
◉ Mucous neck cells. Answer: in the gastric glands.
Secrete a thin mucous layer
◉ Parietal cells. Answer: in the gastric glands. Secrete intrinsic
factor and hydrochloric acid
Intrinsic factor has nothing to do with stomach. Really is just
important protein that has receptors on walls of small intestine that
binds to essential vitamin (B12) because it can't be digested by itself
There is a sublingual supplement (put it under your tongue)
This lets you absorb B12 directly into the capillaries in the bottom of
your mouth
,◉ Chief cells. Answer: in the gastric glands. Secrete pepsinogen. This
gets modified and becomes an active enzyme. Becomes an enzyme in
an acidic environment called pepsin. Pepsin can do digestion of
proteins. Acidic environment comes from HCL from parietal cells
HCL assists in pepsin synthesis and activity
Breaking down cell walls of plant foods
Defense against pathogens
◉ gastric juice. Answer: Mucus, HCL, pepsinogen
Secreted to the lumen
◉ Enteroendocrine cells. Answer: G cells: Gastrin
Gastrin will go back and promote secretion of gastric juice
◉ How does gastrin from the bottom make it to parietal cells and
chief cells?. Answer: Gastrin is a protein that serves as a hormone so
it goes through the blood vessels.
◉ Dave Barnes had agonizing pain in his abdomen, followed by
heartburn and vomiting. The doctor told him he has a gastric ulcer in
his stomach, caused by the Helicobacter bacteria. It is most likely
that the bacteria:. Answer: Penetrated the mucus layer of the
stomach
, ◉ enteric system. Answer: Part of autonomic nervous system
From the gut
Acts as an independent system. More neurons here than in whole
spinal cord
All local reflexes
The nervous system of the stomach
Long reflexes (interacts with the brain)
Parasympathetic. Medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion and
vagus nerve goes all the way down to the stomach
◉ Three phases of regulation. Answer: Cephalic (head)
Gastric (stomach)
Intestinal (duodenum)
◉ What does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach?.
Answer: Secretin
Secreted by the small intestine and it inhibits gastric activity
◉ Peristaltic waves move toward the pylorus at the rate of 3 per min.
How?. Answer: We have cells that determine the pace
