Principles of Biochemistry- Final
Exam with questions and answers
written correctly
DNA contains 2 antiparallel strands of nucleotides joined by - correct answer <<<✨✨✨3'->5'
phosphodiester linkages
Eukaryotic DNA molecules are packaged with histones to form ___________, which is the fundamental
unit of chromatin - correct answer <<<✨✨✨a nucleosome
What is a nucleosome composed of? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (two
molecules each) and 146 bp of DNA
Name this type of RNA:
Carries genetic information from the gene to a ribosome, where the corresponding protein can be
synthesized - correct answer <<<✨✨✨mRNA
Name this type of RNA:
An integral part of ribosomes, accounts for ~80% of RNA in cells - correct answer <<<✨✨✨rRNA
Name this type of RNA:
Carries activated amino acids to ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨tRNA
,Name this type of RNA:
has catalytic activity (catalyze cleavage of RNA) or associates with proteins to enhance activity - correct
answer <<<✨✨✨small RNA
DNA double helix unwinds at a specific point known as the - correct answer <<<✨✨✨origin of
replication (Ori)
DNA replication is ________ (unidirectional/ bidirectional) - correct answer <<<✨✨✨bidirectional
What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨synthesizes new DNA strand
What is the function of DNA polymerase I? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨fills gaps; excision of primers
What is the function of single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs)? - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨stabilize separated DNA strands
What is the function of primase? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨synthesize short RNA primers
This term refers to the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template -
correct answer <<<✨✨✨transcription
The 5'-terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA is a(n) - correct answer <<<✨✨✨7-
methylguanosine joined to the mRNA via a 5' ->5' triphosphate linkgage
List the 4 steps in transcription in order - correct answer <<<✨✨✨1. Initiation
2. Unwinding of double-helical DNA
, 3. Elongation
4. Termination
Each tRNA contains a trinucleotide sequence known as a(n) ________ that is complementary to the
mRNA specifying the tRNA's amino acid. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨anticodon
How does RNA polymerase know which DNA strand to use as a template for transcription? - correct
answer <<<✨✨✨RNA polymerase binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter, which is
present on only one strand for a given gene
In eukaryotes, where are mRNAs synthesized in the cell? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨nucleus
In eukaryotes, where does most translation occur? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨cytoplasm
At the ribosome, the template mRNA is translated in the _______ direction, while the protein is
synthesized in the _______ direction. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨5' -> 3'; N-terminal to C-terminal
At the replication fork the _______ (leading/lagging) strand is synthesized continuously while the
________ (leading/lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨leading;
lagging
DNA replication in E. coli begins at a site in the DNA called the ______ - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨origin
This term refers to the process in which the genetic information present in an mRNA specifies the
sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis - correct answer <<<✨✨✨translation
This term refers to the protein machinery that replicates DNA - correct answer <<<✨✨✨replisome
DNA polymerase requires a/an ____ for synthesis to occur.
Exam with questions and answers
written correctly
DNA contains 2 antiparallel strands of nucleotides joined by - correct answer <<<✨✨✨3'->5'
phosphodiester linkages
Eukaryotic DNA molecules are packaged with histones to form ___________, which is the fundamental
unit of chromatin - correct answer <<<✨✨✨a nucleosome
What is a nucleosome composed of? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4 (two
molecules each) and 146 bp of DNA
Name this type of RNA:
Carries genetic information from the gene to a ribosome, where the corresponding protein can be
synthesized - correct answer <<<✨✨✨mRNA
Name this type of RNA:
An integral part of ribosomes, accounts for ~80% of RNA in cells - correct answer <<<✨✨✨rRNA
Name this type of RNA:
Carries activated amino acids to ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨tRNA
,Name this type of RNA:
has catalytic activity (catalyze cleavage of RNA) or associates with proteins to enhance activity - correct
answer <<<✨✨✨small RNA
DNA double helix unwinds at a specific point known as the - correct answer <<<✨✨✨origin of
replication (Ori)
DNA replication is ________ (unidirectional/ bidirectional) - correct answer <<<✨✨✨bidirectional
What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨synthesizes new DNA strand
What is the function of DNA polymerase I? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨fills gaps; excision of primers
What is the function of single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs)? - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨stabilize separated DNA strands
What is the function of primase? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨synthesize short RNA primers
This term refers to the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template -
correct answer <<<✨✨✨transcription
The 5'-terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA is a(n) - correct answer <<<✨✨✨7-
methylguanosine joined to the mRNA via a 5' ->5' triphosphate linkgage
List the 4 steps in transcription in order - correct answer <<<✨✨✨1. Initiation
2. Unwinding of double-helical DNA
, 3. Elongation
4. Termination
Each tRNA contains a trinucleotide sequence known as a(n) ________ that is complementary to the
mRNA specifying the tRNA's amino acid. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨anticodon
How does RNA polymerase know which DNA strand to use as a template for transcription? - correct
answer <<<✨✨✨RNA polymerase binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter, which is
present on only one strand for a given gene
In eukaryotes, where are mRNAs synthesized in the cell? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨nucleus
In eukaryotes, where does most translation occur? - correct answer <<<✨✨✨cytoplasm
At the ribosome, the template mRNA is translated in the _______ direction, while the protein is
synthesized in the _______ direction. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨5' -> 3'; N-terminal to C-terminal
At the replication fork the _______ (leading/lagging) strand is synthesized continuously while the
________ (leading/lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. - correct answer <<<✨✨✨leading;
lagging
DNA replication in E. coli begins at a site in the DNA called the ______ - correct answer
<<<✨✨✨origin
This term refers to the process in which the genetic information present in an mRNA specifies the
sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis - correct answer <<<✨✨✨translation
This term refers to the protein machinery that replicates DNA - correct answer <<<✨✨✨replisome
DNA polymerase requires a/an ____ for synthesis to occur.
