NR6541 EXAM 4 VERSIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS |RATED A+
PASS
EAR: QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SUMMARY
General Anatomy & Function
Q: What are the primary functions of the ear?
A: Hearing and equilibrium (balance).
Q: Why is early hearing detection critical in children?
A: Hearing loss affects speech, language development, academic performance, and
socialization.
Q: When does embryonic ear development begin and complete?
A: Begins at week 3 of gestation and is complete by the 3rd month of fetal life.
Q: Why are ear and kidney anomalies linked?
A: They develop during similar gestational periods; abnormality in one suggests the other.
Ear Structure
Q: What are the three main structures of the ear?
A: External, middle, and inner ear.
Q: What are the components of the external ear?
A: Pinna (auricle), external auditory canal (EAC), tympanic membrane (TM).
Q: What is the function of cerumen?
A: Lubricates the canal, traps debris, has antibacterial properties, and acidic pH inhibits
pathogens.
Q: What structures make up the middle ear?
A: Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), oval window, round window, eustachian tube.
Q: What is the function of the ossicles?
A: Transmit sound vibrations from the TM to the inner ear.
, Q: What are the functions of the eustachian tube?
A: Ventilates the middle ear and drains secretions into the nasopharynx.
Q: Why are children prone to eustachian tube dysfunction?
A: The tube is shorter, narrower, and more horizontal.
Q: What are the components of the inner ear?
A: Cochlea (hearing) and semicircular canals (balance).
Q: Which cranial nerve controls hearing and balance?
A: Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear).
Defense & Pathology
Q: What are key ear defense mechanisms?
A: Cerumen, acidic pH, water-resistant lining, and deep inner ear location.
Q: What are common localized ear pathologies?
A: Infection, foreign body, trauma.
Q: What systemic conditions can affect ear function?
A: Neurologic disorders, immune deficiency, congenital anomalies.
Red Flags for Hearing Loss
Q: What does failure to startle to loud noise in a newborn suggest?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Q: What does no single words by 1 year indicate?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Q: What does turning TV volume very high suggest?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Q: What does delayed or unclear speech suggest?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Genetics & History
Q: Which genetic syndromes are associated with hearing loss?
A: Usher, Waardenburg, Pendred, CHARGE, Alport, Stickler, Treacher Collins, BOR.
QUESTIONS AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS |RATED A+
PASS
EAR: QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SUMMARY
General Anatomy & Function
Q: What are the primary functions of the ear?
A: Hearing and equilibrium (balance).
Q: Why is early hearing detection critical in children?
A: Hearing loss affects speech, language development, academic performance, and
socialization.
Q: When does embryonic ear development begin and complete?
A: Begins at week 3 of gestation and is complete by the 3rd month of fetal life.
Q: Why are ear and kidney anomalies linked?
A: They develop during similar gestational periods; abnormality in one suggests the other.
Ear Structure
Q: What are the three main structures of the ear?
A: External, middle, and inner ear.
Q: What are the components of the external ear?
A: Pinna (auricle), external auditory canal (EAC), tympanic membrane (TM).
Q: What is the function of cerumen?
A: Lubricates the canal, traps debris, has antibacterial properties, and acidic pH inhibits
pathogens.
Q: What structures make up the middle ear?
A: Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), oval window, round window, eustachian tube.
Q: What is the function of the ossicles?
A: Transmit sound vibrations from the TM to the inner ear.
, Q: What are the functions of the eustachian tube?
A: Ventilates the middle ear and drains secretions into the nasopharynx.
Q: Why are children prone to eustachian tube dysfunction?
A: The tube is shorter, narrower, and more horizontal.
Q: What are the components of the inner ear?
A: Cochlea (hearing) and semicircular canals (balance).
Q: Which cranial nerve controls hearing and balance?
A: Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear).
Defense & Pathology
Q: What are key ear defense mechanisms?
A: Cerumen, acidic pH, water-resistant lining, and deep inner ear location.
Q: What are common localized ear pathologies?
A: Infection, foreign body, trauma.
Q: What systemic conditions can affect ear function?
A: Neurologic disorders, immune deficiency, congenital anomalies.
Red Flags for Hearing Loss
Q: What does failure to startle to loud noise in a newborn suggest?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Q: What does no single words by 1 year indicate?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Q: What does turning TV volume very high suggest?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Q: What does delayed or unclear speech suggest?
A: Possible hearing loss.
Genetics & History
Q: Which genetic syndromes are associated with hearing loss?
A: Usher, Waardenburg, Pendred, CHARGE, Alport, Stickler, Treacher Collins, BOR.
