EPALS UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Complete Questions and Guide Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Paediatric airway differences
Answer: - airway proportionately narrower
- head larger so flexes on the neck and can cause partial obstruction
- small mouth but large tongue
- preferential nasal breather up to 6 months
- higher larynx (creates sharp angle)
2. Paediatric breathing differences
Answer: - small resting lung volume so low o2 reserve
- relies on diaphragm more than muscles
3. Paediatric circulation differences
Answer: Circulating vol newborn = 80 ml/ kg Decreases to around 60-70ml/kg in
adulthood
,MAP more accurate than systolic BP
4. Strider
Answer: upper airway narrowing or obstruction, loud-high pitched breath sound
5. Wheezing
Answer: A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or
narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
6. grunting
Answer: An "uh" sound heard during exhalation; reflects the child's attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of
breathing.
7. 5 categories of shock
Answer: - Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
- Dissociative
8. distributive shock
Answer: Inadequate distribution of blood, flow insuflcient for the demand of the tissues. Eg - anaphylaxis, sepsis
9. Obstructive shock
, Answer: Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insuflcient blood
supply to the body's tissues. Eg cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
10. Dissociative shock
Answer: Something that does not allow O2 to reach the cells. Eg CO posioning and anaemia
11. Cardiac output
Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
12. Central pulse points
Answer: Carotid, femoral and brachial
COMPARE THESE WITH PERIPHERAL (RADIAL)
13. How much fluid can be lost before hypotension occurs
Answer: 40%
14. Inadequate renal perfusion
Answer: < 2ml/kg/hr in infants
< 1ml/kg/hr in children older than 1
Complete Questions and Guide Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Paediatric airway differences
Answer: - airway proportionately narrower
- head larger so flexes on the neck and can cause partial obstruction
- small mouth but large tongue
- preferential nasal breather up to 6 months
- higher larynx (creates sharp angle)
2. Paediatric breathing differences
Answer: - small resting lung volume so low o2 reserve
- relies on diaphragm more than muscles
3. Paediatric circulation differences
Answer: Circulating vol newborn = 80 ml/ kg Decreases to around 60-70ml/kg in
adulthood
,MAP more accurate than systolic BP
4. Strider
Answer: upper airway narrowing or obstruction, loud-high pitched breath sound
5. Wheezing
Answer: A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or
narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
6. grunting
Answer: An "uh" sound heard during exhalation; reflects the child's attempt to keep the alveoli open; a sign of increased work of
breathing.
7. 5 categories of shock
Answer: - Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
- Dissociative
8. distributive shock
Answer: Inadequate distribution of blood, flow insuflcient for the demand of the tissues. Eg - anaphylaxis, sepsis
9. Obstructive shock
, Answer: Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insuflcient blood
supply to the body's tissues. Eg cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax
10. Dissociative shock
Answer: Something that does not allow O2 to reach the cells. Eg CO posioning and anaemia
11. Cardiac output
Answer: heart rate x stroke volume
12. Central pulse points
Answer: Carotid, femoral and brachial
COMPARE THESE WITH PERIPHERAL (RADIAL)
13. How much fluid can be lost before hypotension occurs
Answer: 40%
14. Inadequate renal perfusion
Answer: < 2ml/kg/hr in infants
< 1ml/kg/hr in children older than 1
