HIST 246 TEST BANK EXAMS SET EXAM
FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ Wilhelm II. Answer: Who: German emperor
When: reigned 1888-1918
What: Felt obligated to maintain Prussian military tradition, wanted to
lead Germany into new era as a world power, tried to build up navy to
challenge England's, built up industrial strength, tried to acquire
territory (Weltpolitk=imperialist foreign policy), but also easily
impressionable, abdicated 1918
Significance: ambitious rush into world politics made many wary,
idea that his military is the best led him into many conflicts and
attempt to build up navy made enemy out of England, abdication
meant start of Weimar Republic
⫸ London Pact. Answer: Who: Allies and Italy
When: April 1915
What: secret agreement that promised Italy Austrian territories
inhabited by Italians
Significance: Caused Italy to join Triple Entente and also failure to
comply after the war contributed to discontent in Italy ("mutilated
victory" and Mussolini)
⫸ Spring Offensive. Answer: Where: Western Front
When: March 1918(-July 1918 - series of 5 offensives)
,What: arrival of American troops and increasing dissatisfaction within
Germany meant quick action to end war needed - believed offensive
in west with help of reinorcements from east would bring victory.
Initially made large territorial gains, but once they got beyond zone of
protection from artillery, got stuck
Significance: suffered heavy losses, stretched thin so hard to get
supplies, counteroffensive by allies led to Germany being defeated
(and end of German Empire)
⫸ Fourteen Points. Answer: When: 1918
Where: Paris Peace Conference/speech to Congress June 1918
What: Series of proposals where Woodrow Wilson outlined plan for
achieving lasting peace and democracy post-WWI: boundaries
according to national self-determination, freedom of the seas, free
trade, abolishment of secret treaties, open democracy, league of
nations
Significance: not actually accepted by all members of Paris Peace
Conference so heavily diluted, plus US didn't join League of Nations,
so kinda defeated purpose, Germans liked bc not super harsh on them
so then very unhappy when Treaty of Versailles didn't line up with
them
⫸ Clemenceau. Answer: Who: prime minister of France, French
representative during Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles
negotiations
When: 1919
What: France had faced enormous suffering during WWI - largest
death toll of big 4, had been fighting on home soil - wanted to cut
down Germany to such a meager state that it could never invade
, France again and wanted Germany to pay reparations to rebuild
France - believed France's security meant keeping Germany
powerless
Significance: insistence that Germany pay as much as possible
led/biggest voice for large reparations likely ensured harshness of
Treaty of Versailles
⫸ Lloyd George. Answer: Who: British prime minister, British
representative during Paris Peace Conference/Treaty of Versailles
negotiations
When: 1919
What: Initially just as harsh as France against Germany, campaigned
in Dec. 1918 elections on platform promising ot may Germany pay
for everything - won overwhelming majority, but then became less
concerned about issues than about obtaining agreements and results -
also didn't want to replace powerful Germany with a powerful France;
shared fear with US that too harsh of conditions would cause
Germany to throw itself in the arms of the Bolsheviks
Significance: change of heart prevented treaty from being too harsh,
but also had to make concessions - resulted in treaty that seemed to
cripple Germany but actually left it relatively strong
⫸ Orlando. Answer: Who: Italian prime minister, representative at
Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles negotiations
When: 1919
What: Generally inclined to follow Wilson's lead, but adamant when it
came to Italy's territorial demands - but only ended up getting a little
bit
FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ Wilhelm II. Answer: Who: German emperor
When: reigned 1888-1918
What: Felt obligated to maintain Prussian military tradition, wanted to
lead Germany into new era as a world power, tried to build up navy to
challenge England's, built up industrial strength, tried to acquire
territory (Weltpolitk=imperialist foreign policy), but also easily
impressionable, abdicated 1918
Significance: ambitious rush into world politics made many wary,
idea that his military is the best led him into many conflicts and
attempt to build up navy made enemy out of England, abdication
meant start of Weimar Republic
⫸ London Pact. Answer: Who: Allies and Italy
When: April 1915
What: secret agreement that promised Italy Austrian territories
inhabited by Italians
Significance: Caused Italy to join Triple Entente and also failure to
comply after the war contributed to discontent in Italy ("mutilated
victory" and Mussolini)
⫸ Spring Offensive. Answer: Where: Western Front
When: March 1918(-July 1918 - series of 5 offensives)
,What: arrival of American troops and increasing dissatisfaction within
Germany meant quick action to end war needed - believed offensive
in west with help of reinorcements from east would bring victory.
Initially made large territorial gains, but once they got beyond zone of
protection from artillery, got stuck
Significance: suffered heavy losses, stretched thin so hard to get
supplies, counteroffensive by allies led to Germany being defeated
(and end of German Empire)
⫸ Fourteen Points. Answer: When: 1918
Where: Paris Peace Conference/speech to Congress June 1918
What: Series of proposals where Woodrow Wilson outlined plan for
achieving lasting peace and democracy post-WWI: boundaries
according to national self-determination, freedom of the seas, free
trade, abolishment of secret treaties, open democracy, league of
nations
Significance: not actually accepted by all members of Paris Peace
Conference so heavily diluted, plus US didn't join League of Nations,
so kinda defeated purpose, Germans liked bc not super harsh on them
so then very unhappy when Treaty of Versailles didn't line up with
them
⫸ Clemenceau. Answer: Who: prime minister of France, French
representative during Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles
negotiations
When: 1919
What: France had faced enormous suffering during WWI - largest
death toll of big 4, had been fighting on home soil - wanted to cut
down Germany to such a meager state that it could never invade
, France again and wanted Germany to pay reparations to rebuild
France - believed France's security meant keeping Germany
powerless
Significance: insistence that Germany pay as much as possible
led/biggest voice for large reparations likely ensured harshness of
Treaty of Versailles
⫸ Lloyd George. Answer: Who: British prime minister, British
representative during Paris Peace Conference/Treaty of Versailles
negotiations
When: 1919
What: Initially just as harsh as France against Germany, campaigned
in Dec. 1918 elections on platform promising ot may Germany pay
for everything - won overwhelming majority, but then became less
concerned about issues than about obtaining agreements and results -
also didn't want to replace powerful Germany with a powerful France;
shared fear with US that too harsh of conditions would cause
Germany to throw itself in the arms of the Bolsheviks
Significance: change of heart prevented treaty from being too harsh,
but also had to make concessions - resulted in treaty that seemed to
cripple Germany but actually left it relatively strong
⫸ Orlando. Answer: Who: Italian prime minister, representative at
Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles negotiations
When: 1919
What: Generally inclined to follow Wilson's lead, but adamant when it
came to Italy's territorial demands - but only ended up getting a little
bit
