UTA - Biology 1441 – Exam 1
Questions and Answers14
Pinocytosis - ANSWERSa variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell
needs from the extracellular fluidPlasmolysis detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall
and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution
Potocytosis - ANSWERSvariation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating protein (caveolin) on
the plasma membrane's cytoplasmic side
primary active transport - ANSWERSactive transport that moves ions or small molecules across a
membrane and may create a difference in charge across that membrane
Pump - ANSWERSactive transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients
receptor-mediated endocytosis - ANSWERSvariation of endocytosis that involves using specific
binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles, and clathrin-
coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles
secondary active transport - ANSWERSmovement of material that results from primary active
transport to the electrochemical gradient
selectively permeable - ANSWERSmembrane characteristic that allows some substances
through
Solute - ANSWERSsubstance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
, Symporter - ANSWERStransporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the
same direction
Tonicity - ANSWERSamount of solute in a solution
transport protein - ANSWERSmembrane protein that facilitates a substance's passage across a
membrane by binding it
Transporter - ANSWERSspecific carrier proteins or pumps that facilitate movement
Uniporter - ANSWERStransporter that carries one specific ion or molecule
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) - ANSWERStype of secondary protein structure formed by folding
the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
amino acid - ANSWERSa protein's monomer; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an
amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached; the R
group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) - ANSWERSsecondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen
bonding forms "pleats" between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule - ANSWERSlarge molecule necessary for life that is built from smaller
organic molecules
Carbohydrate - ANSWERSbiological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and
to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in cells and
form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
Questions and Answers14
Pinocytosis - ANSWERSa variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell
needs from the extracellular fluidPlasmolysis detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall
and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution
Potocytosis - ANSWERSvariation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating protein (caveolin) on
the plasma membrane's cytoplasmic side
primary active transport - ANSWERSactive transport that moves ions or small molecules across a
membrane and may create a difference in charge across that membrane
Pump - ANSWERSactive transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients
receptor-mediated endocytosis - ANSWERSvariation of endocytosis that involves using specific
binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles, and clathrin-
coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles
secondary active transport - ANSWERSmovement of material that results from primary active
transport to the electrochemical gradient
selectively permeable - ANSWERSmembrane characteristic that allows some substances
through
Solute - ANSWERSsubstance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
, Symporter - ANSWERStransporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the
same direction
Tonicity - ANSWERSamount of solute in a solution
transport protein - ANSWERSmembrane protein that facilitates a substance's passage across a
membrane by binding it
Transporter - ANSWERSspecific carrier proteins or pumps that facilitate movement
Uniporter - ANSWERStransporter that carries one specific ion or molecule
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) - ANSWERStype of secondary protein structure formed by folding
the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
amino acid - ANSWERSa protein's monomer; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an
amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached; the R
group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) - ANSWERSsecondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen
bonding forms "pleats" between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule - ANSWERSlarge molecule necessary for life that is built from smaller
organic molecules
Carbohydrate - ANSWERSbiological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and
to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in cells and
form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
