HROB 2090 post midterm exam questions with
correct answers
When |Thelma's |boss |said, |"What |we |have |here |is |a |morale |problem" |what |was |she |doing?
A) |hindsight |
B) |defining |a |problem |in |terms |of |functional |specialty |
C) |defining |a |problem |in |terms |of |solution |
D) |confirmation |bias |
E) |diagnosing |a |problem |in |terms |of |symptoms |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |diagnosing |a |
problem |in |terms |of |symptoms
When |he |heard |that |turnover |was |increasing, |the |human |resource |manager |immediately |told |
the |president |that |salaries |would |have |to |be |raised. |Unfortunately, |low |pay |wasn't |the |cause |
of |the |turnover. |Which |decision-making |error |did |the |manager |commit?
A) |He |revealed |a |confirmation |bias. |
B) |He |defined |the |problem |in |terms |of |a |solution. |
C) |He |treated |sunk |costs |improperly. |
D) |He |escalated |commitment. |
E) |He |exhibited |the |knew-it-all-along |effect. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B) |He |defined |the |
problem |in |terms |of |a |solution.
Escalation |of |commitment |to |a |failing |course |of |action |
A) |only |occurs |in |highly |competitive |situations. |
,B) |only |occurs |if |the |decision-maker |was |personally |responsible |for |the |initial |loss. |
C) |is |what |defines |the |occurrence |of |a |risky |shift. |
D) |is |the |most |common |outcome |of |information |overload. |
E) |shows |how |people |may |treat |sunk |costs |improperly. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |shows |how |
people |may |treat |sunk |costs |improperly.
According |to |the |anchoring |effect, |people
A) |don't |adjust |successive |estimates |enough |in |the |face |of |new |information. |
B) |depend |too |much |on |problem |solutions |developed |by |others. |
C) |tend |to |invest |additional |resources |in |an |apparently |failing |course |of |action. |
D) |rely |too |much |on |the |most |recent |information |received. |
E) |resist |problem |solutions |developed |by |others. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A) |don't |adjust |
successive |estimates |enough |in |the |face |of |new |information.
At |what |part |of |an |organization |would |an |ill-structured |problem |most |likely |be |encountered? |
|
A) |Where |the |bottom |of |the |hierarchy |meets |the |middle |
B) |The |middle |of |the |hierarchy |
C) |The |top |of |the |hierarchy |
D) |Ill-structured |problems |are |equally |likely |throughout |the |organizational |hierarchy |
E) |The |bottom |of |the |hierarchy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C) |The |top |of |the |hierarchy
Conventional |(i.e. |nonelectronic) |brainstorming
A) |is |a |decision-making |technique |in |which |the |decision-makers |do |not |meet |face-to-face. |
B) |is |a |method |of |training |discussion |leaders |to |help |groups |make |more |effective |decisions. |
,C) |is |a |technique |for |evaluating |solutions |to |problems. |
D) |is |more |effective |at |generating |ideas |than |the |nominal |group |technique. |
E) |is |not |a |very |effective |technique |for |generating |ideas. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |is |not |a |
very |effective |technique |for |generating |ideas.
You |have |just |applied |for |a |job |and |when |completing |the |application |form |you |were |surprised |
to |see |questions |about |your |age |and |marital |status. |Such |questions |would |seem |to |violate |
equal |employment |and |human |rights |legislation |and |not |likely |to |be |related |to |the |job. |It |
made |you |wonder |why |a |company |would |ask |these |questions. |What |is |a |good |explanation |for |
this?
A) |cognitive |biases |
B) |bounded |rationality |
C) |information |overload |
D) |difficulties |of |nonprogrammed |decision |making |
E) |difficulties |of |programmed |decision |making |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |difficulties |of |
programmed |decision |making
A |key |advantage |of |the |use |of |electronic |brainstorming |groups |is |that
A) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |social |loafing. |
B) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |flaming. |
C) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |the |idea |generation. |
D) |as |group |size |increases, |so |do |individual |inhibitions. |
E) |None |of |the |above. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |the |idea |
generation
Which |of |the |following |accurately |depicts |the |relationship |between |personality |and |
escalation?
, A) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |low |on |negative |affectivity |are |more |likely |to |escalate |
B) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |less |likely |to |escalate |
C) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |low |on |negative |affectivity |are |less |likely |to |escalate |
D) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |more |likely |to |escalate |
E) |people |low |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |more |likely |to |escalate |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |less |
likely |to |escalate
Which |of |the |following |is |an |example |of |diffusion |of |responsibility?
A) |As |Douglas |accepted |the |award |on |behalf |of |his |department |he |made |a |point |of |
acknowledging |the |contributions |of |his |colleagues. |
B) |Paul |allows |his |secretary |to |make |certain |decisions |without |consulting |him. |
C) |After |her |boss's |decision |turned |out |to |be |wrong, |Sally |said |she |knew |all |along |that |it |was |
wrong. |
D) |A |firing |squad |of |ten |soldiers |was |used |to |execute |the |prisoner. |
E) |The |surgery |team |decided |on |a |more |conservative |operating |technique |when |they |
discussed |the |operation |face-to-face. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D) |A |firing |squad |of |ten |soldiers
|was |used |to |execute |the |prisoner.
Illusion |of |invulnerability, |illusion |of |morality, |and |illusion |of |unanimity |are |all |characteristics |of
A) |groupthink. |
B) |maximization. |
C) |confirmation |bias. |
D) |risky |shift. |
E) |hindsight. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A) |groupthink
correct answers
When |Thelma's |boss |said, |"What |we |have |here |is |a |morale |problem" |what |was |she |doing?
A) |hindsight |
B) |defining |a |problem |in |terms |of |functional |specialty |
C) |defining |a |problem |in |terms |of |solution |
D) |confirmation |bias |
E) |diagnosing |a |problem |in |terms |of |symptoms |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |diagnosing |a |
problem |in |terms |of |symptoms
When |he |heard |that |turnover |was |increasing, |the |human |resource |manager |immediately |told |
the |president |that |salaries |would |have |to |be |raised. |Unfortunately, |low |pay |wasn't |the |cause |
of |the |turnover. |Which |decision-making |error |did |the |manager |commit?
A) |He |revealed |a |confirmation |bias. |
B) |He |defined |the |problem |in |terms |of |a |solution. |
C) |He |treated |sunk |costs |improperly. |
D) |He |escalated |commitment. |
E) |He |exhibited |the |knew-it-all-along |effect. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B) |He |defined |the |
problem |in |terms |of |a |solution.
Escalation |of |commitment |to |a |failing |course |of |action |
A) |only |occurs |in |highly |competitive |situations. |
,B) |only |occurs |if |the |decision-maker |was |personally |responsible |for |the |initial |loss. |
C) |is |what |defines |the |occurrence |of |a |risky |shift. |
D) |is |the |most |common |outcome |of |information |overload. |
E) |shows |how |people |may |treat |sunk |costs |improperly. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |shows |how |
people |may |treat |sunk |costs |improperly.
According |to |the |anchoring |effect, |people
A) |don't |adjust |successive |estimates |enough |in |the |face |of |new |information. |
B) |depend |too |much |on |problem |solutions |developed |by |others. |
C) |tend |to |invest |additional |resources |in |an |apparently |failing |course |of |action. |
D) |rely |too |much |on |the |most |recent |information |received. |
E) |resist |problem |solutions |developed |by |others. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A) |don't |adjust |
successive |estimates |enough |in |the |face |of |new |information.
At |what |part |of |an |organization |would |an |ill-structured |problem |most |likely |be |encountered? |
|
A) |Where |the |bottom |of |the |hierarchy |meets |the |middle |
B) |The |middle |of |the |hierarchy |
C) |The |top |of |the |hierarchy |
D) |Ill-structured |problems |are |equally |likely |throughout |the |organizational |hierarchy |
E) |The |bottom |of |the |hierarchy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C) |The |top |of |the |hierarchy
Conventional |(i.e. |nonelectronic) |brainstorming
A) |is |a |decision-making |technique |in |which |the |decision-makers |do |not |meet |face-to-face. |
B) |is |a |method |of |training |discussion |leaders |to |help |groups |make |more |effective |decisions. |
,C) |is |a |technique |for |evaluating |solutions |to |problems. |
D) |is |more |effective |at |generating |ideas |than |the |nominal |group |technique. |
E) |is |not |a |very |effective |technique |for |generating |ideas. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |is |not |a |
very |effective |technique |for |generating |ideas.
You |have |just |applied |for |a |job |and |when |completing |the |application |form |you |were |surprised |
to |see |questions |about |your |age |and |marital |status. |Such |questions |would |seem |to |violate |
equal |employment |and |human |rights |legislation |and |not |likely |to |be |related |to |the |job. |It |
made |you |wonder |why |a |company |would |ask |these |questions. |What |is |a |good |explanation |for |
this?
A) |cognitive |biases |
B) |bounded |rationality |
C) |information |overload |
D) |difficulties |of |nonprogrammed |decision |making |
E) |difficulties |of |programmed |decision |making |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-E) |difficulties |of |
programmed |decision |making
A |key |advantage |of |the |use |of |electronic |brainstorming |groups |is |that
A) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |social |loafing. |
B) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |flaming. |
C) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |the |idea |generation. |
D) |as |group |size |increases, |so |do |individual |inhibitions. |
E) |None |of |the |above. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-C) |as |group |size |increases, |so |does |the |idea |
generation
Which |of |the |following |accurately |depicts |the |relationship |between |personality |and |
escalation?
, A) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |low |on |negative |affectivity |are |more |likely |to |escalate |
B) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |less |likely |to |escalate |
C) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |low |on |negative |affectivity |are |less |likely |to |escalate |
D) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |more |likely |to |escalate |
E) |people |low |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |more |likely |to |escalate |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-B) |people |high |on |neuroticism |and |high |on |negative |affectivity |are |less |
likely |to |escalate
Which |of |the |following |is |an |example |of |diffusion |of |responsibility?
A) |As |Douglas |accepted |the |award |on |behalf |of |his |department |he |made |a |point |of |
acknowledging |the |contributions |of |his |colleagues. |
B) |Paul |allows |his |secretary |to |make |certain |decisions |without |consulting |him. |
C) |After |her |boss's |decision |turned |out |to |be |wrong, |Sally |said |she |knew |all |along |that |it |was |
wrong. |
D) |A |firing |squad |of |ten |soldiers |was |used |to |execute |the |prisoner. |
E) |The |surgery |team |decided |on |a |more |conservative |operating |technique |when |they |
discussed |the |operation |face-to-face. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-D) |A |firing |squad |of |ten |soldiers
|was |used |to |execute |the |prisoner.
Illusion |of |invulnerability, |illusion |of |morality, |and |illusion |of |unanimity |are |all |characteristics |of
A) |groupthink. |
B) |maximization. |
C) |confirmation |bias. |
D) |risky |shift. |
E) |hindsight. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A) |groupthink
