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PNCB Exam Questions and Correct Answers
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as
experiencing the world through senses and actions? Ans: —
Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as
representing things with words and images? Ans: — Piaget's
Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking
logically about concrete events and grasping concrete analogies?
Ans: — Piaget's Concrete Operational, 7 to 11 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking
about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract thoughts?
Ans: — Piaget's Formal Operational, 12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? Ans: — 12 to
adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? Ans: — 7 to 11
years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? Ans: — 2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? Ans: — Birth to 2 years
old
Describe independent play Ans: — Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in
or unaware of what others are doing? Ans: — Independent play
Describe Parallel Play Ans: — Children play adjacent to each other,
but don't influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays
alone.
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Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but
playing along side them without influencing or interacting with
them? Ans: — Parallel play
What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? Ans: —
Interaction. There is interaction with associative play, not with
Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest but no coordinated
activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum
deliveries? Ans: — Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein
caused by fragmentation of the parietal bone associated with skull
fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have crepitus,
fluid waves and ill-defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome
would read? Ans: — Low levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal
atresia? Ans: — High
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are
you suspicious of? Ans: — Cerebral Palsy
When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? Ans: —
5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? Ans: — 1
year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations
should have their newborns followed for? Ans: — higher risk of
hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? Ans: —
unconjugated
An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you
suspect? Ans: — biliary atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what
should you monitor the child for? Ans: — hyperbilirubinemia
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Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia?
Asians, African Americans, Greeks? Ans: — Asians and American
indians have highest risk. African americans with G6PD deficiency
are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in higher
elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor,
intact membranes at 38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has
had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? Ans: — Patient with a viral
load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV, should have a
c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? Ans:
— oral thrush
What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis?
Ans: — Oral Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose)
for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 14 days of
erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US?
Ans: — Chylamdia Trachomatis
What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? Ans: — IV
antibiotics - ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose.
Infant must be evaluated for disseminated disease
What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis?
Ans: — Culture
What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric
stenosis? Ans: — Erythromycin and Azithromycin
A 3-day old neonate presents with conjunctivitis, what are you
suspicious of? Ans: — Gonococcal opthalmia
If an infant presents with Gonorrheoeae Conjunctivitis and also
has hyperbilirubinemia, what antibiotic should be employed? Ans:
— Cefotaxime
What contraception method increases your risk for ectopic
pregnancy? Ans: — An IUD and progestin only contraceptive
© 2025 All rights reserved
PNCB Exam Questions and Correct Answers
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as
experiencing the world through senses and actions? Ans: —
Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2 years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as
representing things with words and images? Ans: — Piaget's
Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking
logically about concrete events and grasping concrete analogies?
Ans: — Piaget's Concrete Operational, 7 to 11 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking
about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract thoughts?
Ans: — Piaget's Formal Operational, 12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? Ans: — 12 to
adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? Ans: — 7 to 11
years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? Ans: — 2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? Ans: — Birth to 2 years
old
Describe independent play Ans: — Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in
or unaware of what others are doing? Ans: — Independent play
Describe Parallel Play Ans: — Children play adjacent to each other,
but don't influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays
alone.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but
playing along side them without influencing or interacting with
them? Ans: — Parallel play
What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? Ans: —
Interaction. There is interaction with associative play, not with
Parallel play. In Associative, there is interest but no coordinated
activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum
deliveries? Ans: — Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein
caused by fragmentation of the parietal bone associated with skull
fracture. Can extend to the neck and orbits. May have crepitus,
fluid waves and ill-defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome
would read? Ans: — Low levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal
atresia? Ans: — High
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are
you suspicious of? Ans: — Cerebral Palsy
When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? Ans: —
5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? Ans: — 1
year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations
should have their newborns followed for? Ans: — higher risk of
hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? Ans: —
unconjugated
An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you
suspect? Ans: — biliary atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what
should you monitor the child for? Ans: — hyperbilirubinemia
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia?
Asians, African Americans, Greeks? Ans: — Asians and American
indians have highest risk. African americans with G6PD deficiency
are at greater risk, as is Greeks and people who live in higher
elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor,
intact membranes at 38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has
had 3 ARV. What is the treatment plan? Ans: — Patient with a viral
load or unknown viral load, despite receiving 3 ARV, should have a
c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? Ans:
— oral thrush
What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis?
Ans: — Oral Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose)
for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for 14 days of
erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US?
Ans: — Chylamdia Trachomatis
What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? Ans: — IV
antibiotics - ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose.
Infant must be evaluated for disseminated disease
What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis?
Ans: — Culture
What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric
stenosis? Ans: — Erythromycin and Azithromycin
A 3-day old neonate presents with conjunctivitis, what are you
suspicious of? Ans: — Gonococcal opthalmia
If an infant presents with Gonorrheoeae Conjunctivitis and also
has hyperbilirubinemia, what antibiotic should be employed? Ans:
— Cefotaxime
What contraception method increases your risk for ectopic
pregnancy? Ans: — An IUD and progestin only contraceptive
© 2025 All rights reserved
