ISSA FINAL EXAM PAGE 1
QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS
PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the recommended amount of fat per meal for a male client? - correct answer ✔✔2
thumbs
What muscle is the prime mover in the bench press? - correct answer ✔✔Pectoralis major
(sternal pectoralis major) is the largest between the that and clavicular (upper chest) pectoralis.
How is strength usually measured? - correct answer ✔✔1RM test since strength is defined as
the:
1. ability to contract muscles with maximum force.
2. Being able to exert musculoskeletal force against external object (weights, ground,
opponents).
What is an environmental stressor a client may experience? - correct answer ✔✔Allergies
Especially for clients with asthma because their airways narrow and swell, and then fill up with
mucus causing breathing difficulties.
What type of muscle fiber is best for competing in a triathlon? - correct answer ✔✔Type 1
(slow-twitch)
These fibers are fatigue resistant and focus on long-distance events where the body utilizes the
oxidative pathway.
,Hold more mitochondria and myoglobin
"Keep shoulder blades down and together throughout the entire movement" is an appropriate
cue to give clients during what movement? - correct answer ✔✔Dumbbell incline bench press
What are the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables per day? - correct answer ✔✔5 -
10 servings per day. We need lots of vegetables because they are nutrient dense (has lots of
nutrients) and are essential to improved health.
What is the appropriate protein portion for men? - correct answer ✔✔2 palms. If you are
looking to add some lean mass, add an extra thumb of fat or another cupped handful of carbs
for a few meals.
Which type of contraction allows the muscles to "activate" but have no movement or change in
muscle length? - correct answer ✔✔Isometric contraction. Exercises include: wall-sit, plank,
A client thinks they injured their shoulder, what should the trainer do? - correct answer
✔✔Refer them to a doctor. Personal trainers/fitness peeps are not qualified to diagnose
injuries.
All activities begin in which energy pathway? - correct answer ✔✔ATP/CP pathway. Doesn't
matter how long or how intense the activity is, every activity starts here. Myosin ATPase cuts off
a phosphate molecule from ATP and uses it for releasing energy.
What is the most superficial (closest to the surface) muscle of the abdominals. - correct answer
✔✔External obliques
Utilizing the FITT principle, how many times a week should a beginner client workout for? -
correct answer ✔✔3 times a week. This principle works best for beginners because it will show
them how to get started.
,What is responsible for sensing excessive stretch to protect the muscle? - correct answer
✔✔Muscle spindle.
Cycling your training to help account for shock, compensation, and exhaustion is an important
part of periodization and refers to which principle? - correct answer ✔✔The GAS principle.
1. "Alarm stage" applying intense training stress.
2. "Resistance stage" muscles evolve and adapt to handling heavier loads and resist stressful
weights more easily and effectively.
3. "Exhaustion stage" continually adding stress will exhaust our reserves and will cease to
function at peak performance.
To prevent the third stage from even happening, you need weeks of going "light"; decreasing
the weight and intensity to give your body time to rest and recover.
The need for different phases of training helps to prevent what? - correct answer
✔✔Overtraining
Mix things up a bit. Don't get stuck with using the same program/workouts over and over again,
which will lead to orthopedic stress. Incorporate different modes of training and experiment. A
good example is cross-training, which involves performing different activities and sports to
achieve a well-rounded and healthy body.
Individuals with hypertension should moderate their intake of what? - correct answer ✔✔Salt
It has been shown to increase blood pressure in sodium-sensitive individuals. Half of
hypertensive individuals are sodium-sensitive.
A client performs 8 reps of the seated leg press at 320 lbs. What is their estimated 1RM? -
correct answer ✔✔400 lbs
, Take the weight that he lifted (320 lbs) and divide that by 80% (0.80 is the percent of max) and
that = 400 lbs.
What would be a symptom of overtraining? - correct answer ✔✔Decrease in performance
There are two types of overtraining:
1. Sympathetic: mostly seen in anaerobic clients, this type of overtraining affects the
sympathetic nervous system (speeds up bodily functions; increasing energy needs) and results
in increased resting heart rate, increased blood pressure, loss of appetite - which leads to
weight loss and decreased body mass, sleeping problems, emotional instability, and an elevated
basal metabolic rate.
2. Parasympathetic: mostly seen in aerobic clients, the opposite occurs. Since this system slows
down bodily functions and conserves energy, overtraining will result in early onset of fatigue,
increased resting heart rate, heart rate recovery after exercise slows down, and an increase in
resting blood pressure.
What is primarily responsible for strength gains in beginner clients? - correct answer ✔✔Neural
adaptations
Beginners will see a spike in strength and then hypertrophy comes after. Once they have more
strength, then they'll be able to lift heavier weights for more reps (6 - 12) = hypertrophy.
What plane of motion does squatting take place in? - correct answer ✔✔Sagittal plane
Any exercise where your body moves back to front or vice versa.
In a client's training cycle, one day or training session is known as what? - correct answer
✔✔Microcycle
QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS
PASSED ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the recommended amount of fat per meal for a male client? - correct answer ✔✔2
thumbs
What muscle is the prime mover in the bench press? - correct answer ✔✔Pectoralis major
(sternal pectoralis major) is the largest between the that and clavicular (upper chest) pectoralis.
How is strength usually measured? - correct answer ✔✔1RM test since strength is defined as
the:
1. ability to contract muscles with maximum force.
2. Being able to exert musculoskeletal force against external object (weights, ground,
opponents).
What is an environmental stressor a client may experience? - correct answer ✔✔Allergies
Especially for clients with asthma because their airways narrow and swell, and then fill up with
mucus causing breathing difficulties.
What type of muscle fiber is best for competing in a triathlon? - correct answer ✔✔Type 1
(slow-twitch)
These fibers are fatigue resistant and focus on long-distance events where the body utilizes the
oxidative pathway.
,Hold more mitochondria and myoglobin
"Keep shoulder blades down and together throughout the entire movement" is an appropriate
cue to give clients during what movement? - correct answer ✔✔Dumbbell incline bench press
What are the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables per day? - correct answer ✔✔5 -
10 servings per day. We need lots of vegetables because they are nutrient dense (has lots of
nutrients) and are essential to improved health.
What is the appropriate protein portion for men? - correct answer ✔✔2 palms. If you are
looking to add some lean mass, add an extra thumb of fat or another cupped handful of carbs
for a few meals.
Which type of contraction allows the muscles to "activate" but have no movement or change in
muscle length? - correct answer ✔✔Isometric contraction. Exercises include: wall-sit, plank,
A client thinks they injured their shoulder, what should the trainer do? - correct answer
✔✔Refer them to a doctor. Personal trainers/fitness peeps are not qualified to diagnose
injuries.
All activities begin in which energy pathway? - correct answer ✔✔ATP/CP pathway. Doesn't
matter how long or how intense the activity is, every activity starts here. Myosin ATPase cuts off
a phosphate molecule from ATP and uses it for releasing energy.
What is the most superficial (closest to the surface) muscle of the abdominals. - correct answer
✔✔External obliques
Utilizing the FITT principle, how many times a week should a beginner client workout for? -
correct answer ✔✔3 times a week. This principle works best for beginners because it will show
them how to get started.
,What is responsible for sensing excessive stretch to protect the muscle? - correct answer
✔✔Muscle spindle.
Cycling your training to help account for shock, compensation, and exhaustion is an important
part of periodization and refers to which principle? - correct answer ✔✔The GAS principle.
1. "Alarm stage" applying intense training stress.
2. "Resistance stage" muscles evolve and adapt to handling heavier loads and resist stressful
weights more easily and effectively.
3. "Exhaustion stage" continually adding stress will exhaust our reserves and will cease to
function at peak performance.
To prevent the third stage from even happening, you need weeks of going "light"; decreasing
the weight and intensity to give your body time to rest and recover.
The need for different phases of training helps to prevent what? - correct answer
✔✔Overtraining
Mix things up a bit. Don't get stuck with using the same program/workouts over and over again,
which will lead to orthopedic stress. Incorporate different modes of training and experiment. A
good example is cross-training, which involves performing different activities and sports to
achieve a well-rounded and healthy body.
Individuals with hypertension should moderate their intake of what? - correct answer ✔✔Salt
It has been shown to increase blood pressure in sodium-sensitive individuals. Half of
hypertensive individuals are sodium-sensitive.
A client performs 8 reps of the seated leg press at 320 lbs. What is their estimated 1RM? -
correct answer ✔✔400 lbs
, Take the weight that he lifted (320 lbs) and divide that by 80% (0.80 is the percent of max) and
that = 400 lbs.
What would be a symptom of overtraining? - correct answer ✔✔Decrease in performance
There are two types of overtraining:
1. Sympathetic: mostly seen in anaerobic clients, this type of overtraining affects the
sympathetic nervous system (speeds up bodily functions; increasing energy needs) and results
in increased resting heart rate, increased blood pressure, loss of appetite - which leads to
weight loss and decreased body mass, sleeping problems, emotional instability, and an elevated
basal metabolic rate.
2. Parasympathetic: mostly seen in aerobic clients, the opposite occurs. Since this system slows
down bodily functions and conserves energy, overtraining will result in early onset of fatigue,
increased resting heart rate, heart rate recovery after exercise slows down, and an increase in
resting blood pressure.
What is primarily responsible for strength gains in beginner clients? - correct answer ✔✔Neural
adaptations
Beginners will see a spike in strength and then hypertrophy comes after. Once they have more
strength, then they'll be able to lift heavier weights for more reps (6 - 12) = hypertrophy.
What plane of motion does squatting take place in? - correct answer ✔✔Sagittal plane
Any exercise where your body moves back to front or vice versa.
In a client's training cycle, one day or training session is known as what? - correct answer
✔✔Microcycle
