Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
is sleep disordered breathing caused by airway obstruction. -
ansobstructive sleep apnea
work by blocking membrane receptors and the subsequent
reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. - anstri-cyclic anti-
depressants
utilizes electric impulses to inhibit or stop the abnormal nerve
activity that causes tremor and other unwanted movement patterns
associated with Parkinson's disease. - ansdeep brain stimulation
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by their spouse
at 8 pm. The spouse reports that they were cleaning up after dinner at
approximately 6:30 pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was
very unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said that he didn't
know and that the entire right side of his face felt numb. She reports that he
is very active, but he has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. Based
upon these symptoms and past medical history, what do you suspect this
patient is experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis? What
treatment should be administered? Explain why you chose that treatment. -
ansThis patient is more than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A CT
scan and MRI would be needed to determine if a clot was blocking blood
flow to the brain tissue and to rule out a hemorrhagic stroke. If a clot is
found, this patient should receive tPA drugs as they are within the 3-4.5
hour treatment window.
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with repetitive hand rubbing
and reports of hallucinations right before the seizure occurred. They have
experienced which type of seizure? - ansfocal seizure with impairment of
consciousness or awareness
A patient is being seen in your office with a primary complaint of daytime
fatigue that has lasted for the past 2 months. They go on to tell you that
they are having difficulty with work performance and are constantly on
edge. You suspect they have chronic insomnia. What are the 4 primary
symptoms of insomnia? Describe a nonpharmacologic treatment plan that
you can prescribe for this patient. - ansThe 4 primary symptoms of insomnia
are:
Difficulty initiating sleep
Difficulty maintaining sleep
Waking up too early
Chronic nonrestorative or poor sleep
You would educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene and encourage them
to evaluate possible stressors that may need to be removed from their daily
routine. Sleep hygiene involves the establishment of consistent sleep
,Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
patterns (going to bed at the same time each night and only sleeping as
long as one needs to feel refreshed during the day), creating a comfortable
sleeping environment (optimal room temperature),
,Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
avoidance of screens and excessive light right before bed, and finally,
avoidance of stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
A patient is having difficulty tracking their eye laterally. Which cranial nerve is
affected?
- ansCN VI
A patient reports to the emergency department where you are working at 7
pm. They report that earlier that morning they began to experience
numbness in their right leg. They had walked more than usual the day
before, so they ignored their symptoms. As the day went on, they noticed
that the numbness got worse, and they began to slur their words. By the
time they are evaluated, their symptoms begin to subside. The numbness
disappears, and their speech returns to normal. What do you suspect this
patient has experienced? What is the clinical significance? - ansThis patient
has experienced a TIA as their symptoms subsided in less than 24 hours
without intervention. However, this should not be ignored as TIAs serve as a
warning sign that a stroke can occur in the future. Underlying pathology such
as atherosclerosis, etc. must be addressed for prevention.
A person reports feelings of anhedonia, guilt, and worthlessness that seem
to be worse in the morning. They also exhibit excessive weight loss and
experience insomnia. What type of depression are they experiencing? -
ansmelancholic depression
Connective tissue sheaths that surround the brain and spinal cord
providing protection are called the . - ansmeninges
Delta waves appear in which stage of sleep? - ansstage 3
Describe the importance of brain activity that occurs during REM sleep. -
ansDuring this phase of sleep, incoming sensory input is blocked; the brain
cannot process it.
However, internalized sensory tracts are stimulated allowing previously
formed memories to replay in one's mind. Studies have shown that adequate
time spent in REM sleep is necessary for normal physiologic and psychologic
functioning during periods of wakefulness.
Each of the following are modifiable factors related to stroke except: -
ansobesity
Each of the following statements is true of Parkinson's disease except:
- ansEnvironmental factors alone lead to disease development
Each of the following statements is true regarding Alzheimer's disease
, Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
except: - ansTau protein is broken down when the neuron that produced it
dies
exam
is sleep disordered breathing caused by airway obstruction. -
ansobstructive sleep apnea
work by blocking membrane receptors and the subsequent
reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. - anstri-cyclic anti-
depressants
utilizes electric impulses to inhibit or stop the abnormal nerve
activity that causes tremor and other unwanted movement patterns
associated with Parkinson's disease. - ansdeep brain stimulation
A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by their spouse
at 8 pm. The spouse reports that they were cleaning up after dinner at
approximately 6:30 pm, and she noticed that her husband's speech was
very unclear. When she asked him what was going on, he said that he didn't
know and that the entire right side of his face felt numb. She reports that he
is very active, but he has a past medical history of atrial fibrillation. Based
upon these symptoms and past medical history, what do you suspect this
patient is experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis? What
treatment should be administered? Explain why you chose that treatment. -
ansThis patient is more than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A CT
scan and MRI would be needed to determine if a clot was blocking blood
flow to the brain tissue and to rule out a hemorrhagic stroke. If a clot is
found, this patient should receive tPA drugs as they are within the 3-4.5
hour treatment window.
A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with repetitive hand rubbing
and reports of hallucinations right before the seizure occurred. They have
experienced which type of seizure? - ansfocal seizure with impairment of
consciousness or awareness
A patient is being seen in your office with a primary complaint of daytime
fatigue that has lasted for the past 2 months. They go on to tell you that
they are having difficulty with work performance and are constantly on
edge. You suspect they have chronic insomnia. What are the 4 primary
symptoms of insomnia? Describe a nonpharmacologic treatment plan that
you can prescribe for this patient. - ansThe 4 primary symptoms of insomnia
are:
Difficulty initiating sleep
Difficulty maintaining sleep
Waking up too early
Chronic nonrestorative or poor sleep
You would educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene and encourage them
to evaluate possible stressors that may need to be removed from their daily
routine. Sleep hygiene involves the establishment of consistent sleep
,Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
patterns (going to bed at the same time each night and only sleeping as
long as one needs to feel refreshed during the day), creating a comfortable
sleeping environment (optimal room temperature),
,Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
avoidance of screens and excessive light right before bed, and finally,
avoidance of stimulants (caffeine) several hours prior to normal bedtime.
A patient is having difficulty tracking their eye laterally. Which cranial nerve is
affected?
- ansCN VI
A patient reports to the emergency department where you are working at 7
pm. They report that earlier that morning they began to experience
numbness in their right leg. They had walked more than usual the day
before, so they ignored their symptoms. As the day went on, they noticed
that the numbness got worse, and they began to slur their words. By the
time they are evaluated, their symptoms begin to subside. The numbness
disappears, and their speech returns to normal. What do you suspect this
patient has experienced? What is the clinical significance? - ansThis patient
has experienced a TIA as their symptoms subsided in less than 24 hours
without intervention. However, this should not be ignored as TIAs serve as a
warning sign that a stroke can occur in the future. Underlying pathology such
as atherosclerosis, etc. must be addressed for prevention.
A person reports feelings of anhedonia, guilt, and worthlessness that seem
to be worse in the morning. They also exhibit excessive weight loss and
experience insomnia. What type of depression are they experiencing? -
ansmelancholic depression
Connective tissue sheaths that surround the brain and spinal cord
providing protection are called the . - ansmeninges
Delta waves appear in which stage of sleep? - ansstage 3
Describe the importance of brain activity that occurs during REM sleep. -
ansDuring this phase of sleep, incoming sensory input is blocked; the brain
cannot process it.
However, internalized sensory tracts are stimulated allowing previously
formed memories to replay in one's mind. Studies have shown that adequate
time spent in REM sleep is necessary for normal physiologic and psychologic
functioning during periods of wakefulness.
Each of the following are modifiable factors related to stroke except: -
ansobesity
Each of the following statements is true of Parkinson's disease except:
- ansEnvironmental factors alone lead to disease development
Each of the following statements is true regarding Alzheimer's disease
, Portage pathophysiology module 6
exam
except: - ansTau protein is broken down when the neuron that produced it
dies
