AHN 577 MUSCULOSKELETAL SG STUDY GUIDE
Abduction - Answer -Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction - Answer -Movement toward the midline of the body
Carpal - Answer -Refers to bones of the hands and wrist
Phalanges - Answer -Fingers and toes
Tarsal - Answer -Refers to the bones of the feet or ankle
Open (Compound) - Answer -Type of fx in which there is an open wound/ broken skin
near site of the broken bone
Type I - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
Open fracture with a skin wound < 1cm in length and clean
Type II - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
Open fracture with a laceration > 1cm in length without extensive soft tissue damage,
flaps, or avulsions
Type IIIa - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
open segmental fracture wound with extensive soft tissue injury and adequate soft
tissue coverage
Type IIIb - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
open segmental fracture wound with extensive soft tissue injury and significant soft
tissue loss with exposed bone that requires soft tissue transfer to achieve coverage
Type IIIc - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
open segmental fracture wound with extensive soft tissue injury and associated
vascular injury that requires repair for limb preservation
Closed Fracture - Answer -Type of fracture in which bone breaks but there is no
puncture or open wound in the skin
Nondisplaced Fracture - Answer -A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the
bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture.
Displaced Fracture - Answer -A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from
one another and not in anatomic alignment.
,Transverse Fracture - Answer -Type of fracture line that occurs straight across the
bone
Oblique fracture - Answer -Fracture that is at an angle across the bone's long axis
Longitudinal Fracture - Answer -Fracture occurs along the axis of the bone
Butterfly Fracture - Answer -Occurs when two oblique fractures meet and cause a wide,
large wedge between the two proximal and distal fracture pieces
Spiral Fracture - Answer -Fracture that occurs while in motion which causes torsion and
the fractures are around the bone
Spiral Fracture - Answer -A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
Comminuted Fracture - Answer -A break or splinter of bone into two or more fragments
Segmental Fracture - Answer -Fracture composed of at least two fracture lines that
come together to isolate a section of bone
Impacted Fracture - Answer -Fracture in which one of the bone fragments is driven into
the other fracture
Stellate Fracture - Answer -Fracture line that radiate from a center point of injury
Avulsion Fracture - Answer -broken bone in which the site of muscle, tendon, or
ligament insertion is detached by a forceful pull
Compression (Crush) Fracture - Answer -This fracture generally occurs in the spongy
bone in the spine. For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse
due to osteoporosis
Pathological Fracture - Answer -Break in a bone weakened by some other disease
Stress Fracture - Answer -Fracture due to repeated stresses and strains. Commonly
occur among athletes, the elderly, and in lower extremities.
Greenstick Fracture - Answer -Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks
and the other side bends; common in children
torus (buckle) fracture - Answer -bone deforms but does not crack. More common in
children. It is painful but stable
Dislocation - Answer -Disruption in the normal relationship of the articular surfaces of a
bone making up a joint
, Mal-Union - Answer -A fracture that heals with abnormal alignment is called?
Non-union - Answer -Fracture that is not healing
Partial dislocation - Answer -What is a subluxation?
Prednisone - Answer -What steroid can cause bone softening?
2 point discrimination - Answer -Ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous
pinpricks on the skin
2 Views - Answer -You want at least how many views on xray for fractures?
Complex fractures of the femur, humerus, or ankle - Answer -What are oblique views
on XRAY used to see?
Pelvic Fractures - Answer -What are inlet and outlet views on XRAY used to see?
Odontoid (C2) Fractures - Answer -What do you use the Swimmers view on XRAY to
see?
Osteoporosis - Answer -Dexa scan is used to evaluate what?
Normal Saline (Do not need electrolytes) - Answer -What kind of fluids do you give for
crush injuries?
Splint fracture where it lies unless limb is not neurovascularly intact - Answer -What is
the general rule of thumb for splinting?
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - Answer -Inflammation of the subacromial space
r/t muscle strength imbalances, poor scapula control, rotator cuff tears, subacromial
bursitis, and bone spurs
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - Answer -Pain with overhead activities, nocturnal
pain from sleeping on shoulder, or pain with internal rotation
Decreased active ROM and preserved passive ROM - Answer -Subacromial
Impingement Syndrome will show __________ active ROM but _____________
passive ROM
Partial rotator cuff tears - Answer -Most common reasons for impingement syndrome
are what?
Supraspinatus - Answer -What is the most common tendon affected in rotator cuff
tears?
Abduction - Answer -Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction - Answer -Movement toward the midline of the body
Carpal - Answer -Refers to bones of the hands and wrist
Phalanges - Answer -Fingers and toes
Tarsal - Answer -Refers to the bones of the feet or ankle
Open (Compound) - Answer -Type of fx in which there is an open wound/ broken skin
near site of the broken bone
Type I - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
Open fracture with a skin wound < 1cm in length and clean
Type II - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
Open fracture with a laceration > 1cm in length without extensive soft tissue damage,
flaps, or avulsions
Type IIIa - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
open segmental fracture wound with extensive soft tissue injury and adequate soft
tissue coverage
Type IIIb - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
open segmental fracture wound with extensive soft tissue injury and significant soft
tissue loss with exposed bone that requires soft tissue transfer to achieve coverage
Type IIIc - Answer -Gustilo Classification of Open Fractures:
open segmental fracture wound with extensive soft tissue injury and associated
vascular injury that requires repair for limb preservation
Closed Fracture - Answer -Type of fracture in which bone breaks but there is no
puncture or open wound in the skin
Nondisplaced Fracture - Answer -A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the
bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture.
Displaced Fracture - Answer -A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from
one another and not in anatomic alignment.
,Transverse Fracture - Answer -Type of fracture line that occurs straight across the
bone
Oblique fracture - Answer -Fracture that is at an angle across the bone's long axis
Longitudinal Fracture - Answer -Fracture occurs along the axis of the bone
Butterfly Fracture - Answer -Occurs when two oblique fractures meet and cause a wide,
large wedge between the two proximal and distal fracture pieces
Spiral Fracture - Answer -Fracture that occurs while in motion which causes torsion and
the fractures are around the bone
Spiral Fracture - Answer -A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
Comminuted Fracture - Answer -A break or splinter of bone into two or more fragments
Segmental Fracture - Answer -Fracture composed of at least two fracture lines that
come together to isolate a section of bone
Impacted Fracture - Answer -Fracture in which one of the bone fragments is driven into
the other fracture
Stellate Fracture - Answer -Fracture line that radiate from a center point of injury
Avulsion Fracture - Answer -broken bone in which the site of muscle, tendon, or
ligament insertion is detached by a forceful pull
Compression (Crush) Fracture - Answer -This fracture generally occurs in the spongy
bone in the spine. For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse
due to osteoporosis
Pathological Fracture - Answer -Break in a bone weakened by some other disease
Stress Fracture - Answer -Fracture due to repeated stresses and strains. Commonly
occur among athletes, the elderly, and in lower extremities.
Greenstick Fracture - Answer -Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks
and the other side bends; common in children
torus (buckle) fracture - Answer -bone deforms but does not crack. More common in
children. It is painful but stable
Dislocation - Answer -Disruption in the normal relationship of the articular surfaces of a
bone making up a joint
, Mal-Union - Answer -A fracture that heals with abnormal alignment is called?
Non-union - Answer -Fracture that is not healing
Partial dislocation - Answer -What is a subluxation?
Prednisone - Answer -What steroid can cause bone softening?
2 point discrimination - Answer -Ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous
pinpricks on the skin
2 Views - Answer -You want at least how many views on xray for fractures?
Complex fractures of the femur, humerus, or ankle - Answer -What are oblique views
on XRAY used to see?
Pelvic Fractures - Answer -What are inlet and outlet views on XRAY used to see?
Odontoid (C2) Fractures - Answer -What do you use the Swimmers view on XRAY to
see?
Osteoporosis - Answer -Dexa scan is used to evaluate what?
Normal Saline (Do not need electrolytes) - Answer -What kind of fluids do you give for
crush injuries?
Splint fracture where it lies unless limb is not neurovascularly intact - Answer -What is
the general rule of thumb for splinting?
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - Answer -Inflammation of the subacromial space
r/t muscle strength imbalances, poor scapula control, rotator cuff tears, subacromial
bursitis, and bone spurs
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - Answer -Pain with overhead activities, nocturnal
pain from sleeping on shoulder, or pain with internal rotation
Decreased active ROM and preserved passive ROM - Answer -Subacromial
Impingement Syndrome will show __________ active ROM but _____________
passive ROM
Partial rotator cuff tears - Answer -Most common reasons for impingement syndrome
are what?
Supraspinatus - Answer -What is the most common tendon affected in rotator cuff
tears?
