, TABLE OF CONTENT s s
Chapter1.IntroductiontoRadiation Protection
s s s s
Chapter2.Radiation:Types,Sources,andDosesReceived
s s s s s s
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter Chapter4.
s s s s s s s s
Radiation Quantitiesand Units Chapter
s s s s
5. Radiation Monitoring s
Chapter6. Overviewof CellBiology
s s s s
Chapter7. Molecularand CellularRadiation Biology
s s s
Chapter 8. EarlyTissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
s s s s s s s s s s
Chapter9.Stochastic Effectsand Late TissueReactionsof Radiationin Organ
s s s s s s s s s
Systems
s
Chapter10. DoseLimitsforExposureto IonizingRadiation
s s s s s
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
s s s s s s s
Chapter12.ManagementofPatientRadiationDoseDuringDiagnosticX-Ray Procedures
s j j s s s s s
Chapter13. RadiationSafetyinComputedTomographyandMammography
s s s s
Chapter 14. Managementof Imaging PersonnelRadiation Dose During
s s s j s s s s
Diagnostic X-RayProcedures
s s s
Chapter15.Radioisotopesand Radiation Protection
s s s
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection s s
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, s s s 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences ofionization inhuman cells include s s s
1. creation of unstable atoms. s jj s
2. production offree electrons. s s
3. creation ofhighly reactive free molecules (calledfreeradicals)capable
s s s s s
ofproducing substances poisonous to the cell.
s s s s s
4. creationofnewbiologic molecules detrimental totheliving cell.
s s s s s
5. injury tothe cellthat may manifest
s itself asabnormal function orlossoffunction.
s s s s s s s s s s
6. production oflow-energy x-ray photons. s s s s
a. 1,2, 3, and 4 only s s s s
b. 2,3, 4, and 5 only s s s s
c. 3,4, 5, and 6 only s s s s
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: D
,2. Whichofthe following isaformofradiation that is capableofcreating electrically
s s s s s s s s s s
charged particles byremoving orbital electrons from the atomofnormal matter
s s s s s s s s s s
through which it passes?
s s s s
a. Ionizing radiation s
b. Nonionizing radiation s
c. Subatomic radiation s
d. Ultrasonic radiation s
ANS: A
3. Regarding exposure toionizing radiation, patients who areeducatedtounderstand the
s s s s s s s s
medical benefit of animaging procedure are more likely to
s s s s s s s
a. assume asmall chance ofbiologic damage butnot suppressanyradiation s s s s s s s
phobia they may have.
s s s s
b. canceltheir scheduled procedure because theyarenotwilling toassume a
s s s s s s s s s s
small chance of biologic damage.
s s s s
c. suppressanyradiation phobia butnotriskasmall chanceofpossible s s s s s s s s
biologic damage. s s
d. suppressanyradiation phobia andbewilling toassume asmall chance s s s s s s s s
ofpossible biologic damage.
s j s s
ANS: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
s s s s s
a. 1/10of a sievert. s s s
b. 1/100of a sievert. s s s
c. 1/1000of a sievert. s s s
d. 1/10,000of a sievert. s s s
ANS: C
5. Theadvantages ofthe BERT method are
s s s s s
1. BERT doesnot imply radiation risk;it issimply ameans forcomparison.
s s s s s s s s s
2. BERTemphasizes that radiation isaninnate parto ftheenvironment.
s s s s j s
3. BERTprovides ananswerthat iseasyfor thepatient tocomprehend.
s s s s s s s
a. 1and 2only s s
b. 1and 3only s s
c. 2and 3only s s
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: D s
6. Ifapatient asksaradiographer aquestion about howmuch radiation heorshe will
s s s s s s s s s
receive from aspecific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
s s s s s s
a. respond byusing an e stimation basedonthe comparison ofradiation received s s jj s s s s
from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
s s s s s s s
b. avoid thepatient’s question bychanging thesubject. s s s s s s
c. tellthe patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
s s s s s s s s s s s
d. refuse toanswer thequestion andrecommend that heorshes peak w iththe
s s s s s s jj s
referring physician.
s
ANS: A s
7. Whyshould the selection oftechnical exposure factors for allmedical imaging s s s s s s s s
procedures always follow ALARA?
s s
a. Sothatreferring physicians ordering imaging procedures donothave to s s s s s s s
accept responsibility for patient radiation safety.
s s s s s s
b. Sothat radiographers andradiologists donot have toacceptresponsibility for
j s s s s s s
, patient radiation safety. s s
c. Because radiation- induced cancer doesnot appearto have afixed threshold, that is, s s s s s s s s s s
a doselevel below which aperson would have no chance of developing this disease.
s jj s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Because radiation- induced cancerdoeshave adoselevel atwhich individuals s s s s s s
would have achance ofdeveloping this disease.
s s s s s s
ANS: C s
8. The cardinal principles ofradiation protection include
s s s s s s which ofthefollowing? s s
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: D s
9. In a hospital setting, which ofthe following professionals is expressly charged bythe
jjj s s s s s s s s s s s
hospitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement,
s s s s s s s s s s
and maintenance ofthe ALARA program?
s s s s s
a. Assistant administrator ofthe facility s s
b. Chiefofstaff s s
c. Radiation Safety Officer s s
d. Student radiologic technologist s s
ANS: C s
10. Whyisaquestion concerning theamount ofradiation apatient will receive during s s s s s s s
aspecific x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
s s s s s
1. Becausethereceived doseis specified in anumber ofdifferent s units ofmeasure. s s s s s s s s s s
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dosearenormally not comprehensible
s by s s s s s s s
apatient. s
3. Becausethe patient should notreceive anyinformation aboutradiation dose.
s s s s s s s s s
a. 1and 2only s s
b. 1and 3only s s
c. 2and 3only s s
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: A s
11. X-raysareaformofwhich ofthe following kinds ofradiation? s s s s s s
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B s
12. Whatunit is used to measure radiation exposure in themetric International System ofUnits?
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. Coulomb perkilogram s
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A s
13. What organizationwas founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
for dose reductionprotocols bypromotingpediatric-specified scanprotocols to be used for
s s s s s s s s s
bothradiology and non-radiology users ofCT?
s s s s s
a. U.S.Foodand Drug Administration s s s
Chapter1.IntroductiontoRadiation Protection
s s s s
Chapter2.Radiation:Types,Sources,andDosesReceived
s s s s s s
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter Chapter4.
s s s s s s s s
Radiation Quantitiesand Units Chapter
s s s s
5. Radiation Monitoring s
Chapter6. Overviewof CellBiology
s s s s
Chapter7. Molecularand CellularRadiation Biology
s s s
Chapter 8. EarlyTissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
s s s s s s s s s s
Chapter9.Stochastic Effectsand Late TissueReactionsof Radiationin Organ
s s s s s s s s s
Systems
s
Chapter10. DoseLimitsforExposureto IonizingRadiation
s s s s s
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
s s s s s s s
Chapter12.ManagementofPatientRadiationDoseDuringDiagnosticX-Ray Procedures
s j j s s s s s
Chapter13. RadiationSafetyinComputedTomographyandMammography
s s s s
Chapter 14. Managementof Imaging PersonnelRadiation Dose During
s s s j s s s s
Diagnostic X-RayProcedures
s s s
Chapter15.Radioisotopesand Radiation Protection
s s s
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection s s
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, s s s 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences ofionization inhuman cells include s s s
1. creation of unstable atoms. s jj s
2. production offree electrons. s s
3. creation ofhighly reactive free molecules (calledfreeradicals)capable
s s s s s
ofproducing substances poisonous to the cell.
s s s s s
4. creationofnewbiologic molecules detrimental totheliving cell.
s s s s s
5. injury tothe cellthat may manifest
s itself asabnormal function orlossoffunction.
s s s s s s s s s s
6. production oflow-energy x-ray photons. s s s s
a. 1,2, 3, and 4 only s s s s
b. 2,3, 4, and 5 only s s s s
c. 3,4, 5, and 6 only s s s s
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: D
,2. Whichofthe following isaformofradiation that is capableofcreating electrically
s s s s s s s s s s
charged particles byremoving orbital electrons from the atomofnormal matter
s s s s s s s s s s
through which it passes?
s s s s
a. Ionizing radiation s
b. Nonionizing radiation s
c. Subatomic radiation s
d. Ultrasonic radiation s
ANS: A
3. Regarding exposure toionizing radiation, patients who areeducatedtounderstand the
s s s s s s s s
medical benefit of animaging procedure are more likely to
s s s s s s s
a. assume asmall chance ofbiologic damage butnot suppressanyradiation s s s s s s s
phobia they may have.
s s s s
b. canceltheir scheduled procedure because theyarenotwilling toassume a
s s s s s s s s s s
small chance of biologic damage.
s s s s
c. suppressanyradiation phobia butnotriskasmall chanceofpossible s s s s s s s s
biologic damage. s s
d. suppressanyradiation phobia andbewilling toassume asmall chance s s s s s s s s
ofpossible biologic damage.
s j s s
ANS: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
s s s s s
a. 1/10of a sievert. s s s
b. 1/100of a sievert. s s s
c. 1/1000of a sievert. s s s
d. 1/10,000of a sievert. s s s
ANS: C
5. Theadvantages ofthe BERT method are
s s s s s
1. BERT doesnot imply radiation risk;it issimply ameans forcomparison.
s s s s s s s s s
2. BERTemphasizes that radiation isaninnate parto ftheenvironment.
s s s s j s
3. BERTprovides ananswerthat iseasyfor thepatient tocomprehend.
s s s s s s s
a. 1and 2only s s
b. 1and 3only s s
c. 2and 3only s s
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: D s
6. Ifapatient asksaradiographer aquestion about howmuch radiation heorshe will
s s s s s s s s s
receive from aspecific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
s s s s s s
a. respond byusing an e stimation basedonthe comparison ofradiation received s s jj s s s s
from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
s s s s s s s
b. avoid thepatient’s question bychanging thesubject. s s s s s s
c. tellthe patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
s s s s s s s s s s s
d. refuse toanswer thequestion andrecommend that heorshes peak w iththe
s s s s s s jj s
referring physician.
s
ANS: A s
7. Whyshould the selection oftechnical exposure factors for allmedical imaging s s s s s s s s
procedures always follow ALARA?
s s
a. Sothatreferring physicians ordering imaging procedures donothave to s s s s s s s
accept responsibility for patient radiation safety.
s s s s s s
b. Sothat radiographers andradiologists donot have toacceptresponsibility for
j s s s s s s
, patient radiation safety. s s
c. Because radiation- induced cancer doesnot appearto have afixed threshold, that is, s s s s s s s s s s
a doselevel below which aperson would have no chance of developing this disease.
s jj s s s s s s s s s s s s
d. Because radiation- induced cancerdoeshave adoselevel atwhich individuals s s s s s s
would have achance ofdeveloping this disease.
s s s s s s
ANS: C s
8. The cardinal principles ofradiation protection include
s s s s s s which ofthefollowing? s s
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: D s
9. In a hospital setting, which ofthe following professionals is expressly charged bythe
jjj s s s s s s s s s s s
hospitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement,
s s s s s s s s s s
and maintenance ofthe ALARA program?
s s s s s
a. Assistant administrator ofthe facility s s
b. Chiefofstaff s s
c. Radiation Safety Officer s s
d. Student radiologic technologist s s
ANS: C s
10. Whyisaquestion concerning theamount ofradiation apatient will receive during s s s s s s s
aspecific x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
s s s s s
1. Becausethereceived doseis specified in anumber ofdifferent s units ofmeasure. s s s s s s s s s s
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dosearenormally not comprehensible
s by s s s s s s s
apatient. s
3. Becausethe patient should notreceive anyinformation aboutradiation dose.
s s s s s s s s s
a. 1and 2only s s
b. 1and 3only s s
c. 2and 3only s s
d. Allthe options s s
ANS: A s
11. X-raysareaformofwhich ofthe following kinds ofradiation? s s s s s s
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B s
12. Whatunit is used to measure radiation exposure in themetric International System ofUnits?
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. Coulomb perkilogram s
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A s
13. What organizationwas founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
for dose reductionprotocols bypromotingpediatric-specified scanprotocols to be used for
s s s s s s s s s
bothradiology and non-radiology users ofCT?
s s s s s
a. U.S.Foodand Drug Administration s s s
