Elementary Statistics in Social Research
ST
– 12th Edition
SOLUTIONS
UV
MANUAL
IA
_A
Jack A. Levin
PP
Comprehensive Solutions Manual for Instructors and
RO
Students
VE
© Jack A. Levin
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
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©STUDYSTREAM
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
Chapter 1: Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
1. A sociologist collects information from high school teachers about their job
ST
satisfaction. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement—
nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. What field of study do you teach? Math, Science, Social Studies, English,
or Other?
UV
b. How many students do you have in a class?
c. On a five-point scale (from strongly favorable to strongly unfavorable),
how do you feel about your work?
d. How many years have you been teaching?
IA
Answer:
a. Nominal
b. Interval
_A
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
2. A political scientist asks a series of questions to gauge how politically active
individuals are. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement
PP
—nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. Did you vote in the last election? Yes or No?
b. With which political party do you identify? Democrat, Republican, or
Independent?
RO
c. How often do you vote in elections? Never, Rarely, Sometimes, or
Always?
d. On a 0–10 scale, how “extreme” do you consider your views? 0 is
equivalent to mainstream and 10 is equivalent to radical.
e. What level of education have you attained? Bachelor’s, Master’s, or
VE
Doctorate?
f. Do you coach a school sports team? Yes or No?
Answer:
D?
a. Nominal
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
e. Ordinal
??
f. Nominal
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
3. A sociologist undertakes a series of studies to investigate various aspects of sports
violence. For each of the following research situations, identify the research
strategy (experiment, survey, content analysis, or participant observation) and the
ST
independent and dependent variables:
a. Do male and female sports reporters describe combative sporting events
(such as football) in the same way? To find out, the sociologist collects the
game reports filed by a number of male and female newspaper writers on
UV
the day following the Super Bowl. He compares the aggressiveness
contained in the adjectives used by the reporters to describe the game.
b. Do children react differently after watching combative and noncombative
sports? To find out, the sociologist randomly assigns school children to
watch taped versions of either a hockey game (combative) or a swimming
IA
meet (noncombative). She then observes the aggressiveness of play
demonstrated by the children immediately following their viewing of the
tapes.
_A
c. Are fans more aggressive when their team wins or loses? To find out, the
sociologist spends his Saturdays in a sports bar that features the local
college game on wide-screen television. He dresses in a team sweatshirt
and becomes one of the crowd. At the same time, he observes the extent
of arguing and fighting that goes on around him when the team is winning
PP
and losing.
d. Do levels of personal aggressiveness influence the kinds of sporting
events that people prefer to watch? To find out, the sociologist distributes
a questionnaire to a random sample of adults. In addition to standard
RO
background information, the questionnaire includes a series of items
measuring aggressiveness (for example, “How often do you get involved
in heated arguments with neighbors or friends?”) and a checklist of which
sports the respondents like to watch.
VE
D?
??
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
Answer:
a. Content analysis, IV = gender, DV = aggressiveness in description of
Super Bowl.
ST
b. Experiment, IV = type of sport, DV = aggressiveness of play
c. Participant observation, IV = whether team wins or losses, DV = extent of
arguing and fighting
d. Survey, IV = aggressiveness, DV = preferred sporting events
UV
4. Identify the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio—represented
in each of the following questionnaire items:
a. Your sex:
IA
1. _____ Female
2. _____ Male
b. Your age:
_A
1. _____ Younger than 20
2. _____ 20–29
3. _____ 30–39
4. _____ 40–49
5. _____ 50–59
PP
6. _____ 60–69
7. _____ 70 or older
c. How many people are in your immediate family? ___________
d. Specify the highest level of education achieved by your mother:
RO
1. _____ None
2. _____ Elementary school
3. _____ Some high school
4. _____ Graduated high school
5. _____ Some college
VE
6. _____ Graduated college
7. _____ Graduate/professional school
e. Your annual income from all sources: ___________ (specify)
f. Your religious preference:
D?
1. _____ Protestant
2. _____ Catholic
3. _____ Jewish
4. _____ Other ___________ (specify)
??
ST
– 12th Edition
SOLUTIONS
UV
MANUAL
IA
_A
Jack A. Levin
PP
Comprehensive Solutions Manual for Instructors and
RO
Students
VE
© Jack A. Levin
All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution without permission is prohibited.
D?
??
©STUDYSTREAM
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
Chapter 1: Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
1. A sociologist collects information from high school teachers about their job
ST
satisfaction. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement—
nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. What field of study do you teach? Math, Science, Social Studies, English,
or Other?
UV
b. How many students do you have in a class?
c. On a five-point scale (from strongly favorable to strongly unfavorable),
how do you feel about your work?
d. How many years have you been teaching?
IA
Answer:
a. Nominal
b. Interval
_A
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
2. A political scientist asks a series of questions to gauge how politically active
individuals are. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement
PP
—nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. Did you vote in the last election? Yes or No?
b. With which political party do you identify? Democrat, Republican, or
Independent?
RO
c. How often do you vote in elections? Never, Rarely, Sometimes, or
Always?
d. On a 0–10 scale, how “extreme” do you consider your views? 0 is
equivalent to mainstream and 10 is equivalent to radical.
e. What level of education have you attained? Bachelor’s, Master’s, or
VE
Doctorate?
f. Do you coach a school sports team? Yes or No?
Answer:
D?
a. Nominal
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
e. Ordinal
??
f. Nominal
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
3. A sociologist undertakes a series of studies to investigate various aspects of sports
violence. For each of the following research situations, identify the research
strategy (experiment, survey, content analysis, or participant observation) and the
ST
independent and dependent variables:
a. Do male and female sports reporters describe combative sporting events
(such as football) in the same way? To find out, the sociologist collects the
game reports filed by a number of male and female newspaper writers on
UV
the day following the Super Bowl. He compares the aggressiveness
contained in the adjectives used by the reporters to describe the game.
b. Do children react differently after watching combative and noncombative
sports? To find out, the sociologist randomly assigns school children to
watch taped versions of either a hockey game (combative) or a swimming
IA
meet (noncombative). She then observes the aggressiveness of play
demonstrated by the children immediately following their viewing of the
tapes.
_A
c. Are fans more aggressive when their team wins or loses? To find out, the
sociologist spends his Saturdays in a sports bar that features the local
college game on wide-screen television. He dresses in a team sweatshirt
and becomes one of the crowd. At the same time, he observes the extent
of arguing and fighting that goes on around him when the team is winning
PP
and losing.
d. Do levels of personal aggressiveness influence the kinds of sporting
events that people prefer to watch? To find out, the sociologist distributes
a questionnaire to a random sample of adults. In addition to standard
RO
background information, the questionnaire includes a series of items
measuring aggressiveness (for example, “How often do you get involved
in heated arguments with neighbors or friends?”) and a checklist of which
sports the respondents like to watch.
VE
D?
??
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
Answer:
a. Content analysis, IV = gender, DV = aggressiveness in description of
Super Bowl.
ST
b. Experiment, IV = type of sport, DV = aggressiveness of play
c. Participant observation, IV = whether team wins or losses, DV = extent of
arguing and fighting
d. Survey, IV = aggressiveness, DV = preferred sporting events
UV
4. Identify the level of measurement—nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio—represented
in each of the following questionnaire items:
a. Your sex:
IA
1. _____ Female
2. _____ Male
b. Your age:
_A
1. _____ Younger than 20
2. _____ 20–29
3. _____ 30–39
4. _____ 40–49
5. _____ 50–59
PP
6. _____ 60–69
7. _____ 70 or older
c. How many people are in your immediate family? ___________
d. Specify the highest level of education achieved by your mother:
RO
1. _____ None
2. _____ Elementary school
3. _____ Some high school
4. _____ Graduated high school
5. _____ Some college
VE
6. _____ Graduated college
7. _____ Graduate/professional school
e. Your annual income from all sources: ___________ (specify)
f. Your religious preference:
D?
1. _____ Protestant
2. _____ Catholic
3. _____ Jewish
4. _____ Other ___________ (specify)
??
