AHN 577 TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔Spiral Fracture - ✔✔Fracture that occurs while in motion which causes torsion and
the fractures are around the bone
✔✔Spiral Fracture - ✔✔A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
✔✔Comminuted Fracture - ✔✔A break or splinter of bone into two or more fragments
✔✔Segmental Fracture - ✔✔Fracture composed of at least two fracture lines that come
together to isolate a section of bone
✔✔Impacted Fracture - ✔✔Fracture in which one of the bone fragments is driven into
the other fracture
✔✔Stellate Fracture - ✔✔Fracture line that radiate from a center point of injury
✔✔Avulsion Fracture - ✔✔broken bone in which the site of muscle, tendon, or ligament
insertion is detached by a forceful pull
✔✔Compression (Crush) Fracture - ✔✔This fracture generally occurs in the spongy
bone in the spine. For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse
due to osteoporosis
✔✔Pathological Fracture - ✔✔Break in a bone weakened by some other disease
✔✔Stress Fracture - ✔✔Fracture due to repeated stresses and strains. Commonly
occur among athletes, the elderly, and in lower extremities.
✔✔Greenstick Fracture - ✔✔Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and
the other side bends; common in children
✔✔torus (buckle) fracture - ✔✔bone deforms but does not crack. More common in
children. It is painful but stable
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔Disruption in the normal relationship of the articular surfaces of a
bone making up a joint
✔✔Mal-Union - ✔✔A fracture that heals with abnormal alignment is called?
✔✔Non-union - ✔✔Fracture that is not healing
✔✔Partial dislocation - ✔✔What is a subluxation?
,✔✔Prednisone - ✔✔What steroid can cause bone softening?
✔✔2 point discrimination - ✔✔Ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous
pinpricks on the skin
✔✔2 Views - ✔✔You want at least how many views on xray for fractures?
✔✔Complex fractures of the femur, humerus, or ankle - ✔✔What are oblique views on
XRAY used to see?
✔✔Pelvic Fractures - ✔✔What are inlet and outlet views on XRAY used to see?
✔✔Odontoid (C2) Fractures - ✔✔What do you use the Swimmers view on XRAY to
see?
✔✔Osteoporosis - ✔✔Dexa scan is used to evaluate what?
✔✔Normal Saline (Do not need electrolytes) - ✔✔What kind of fluids do you give for
crush injuries?
✔✔Splint fracture where it lies unless limb is not neurovascularly intact - ✔✔What is the
general rule of thumb for splinting?
✔✔Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - ✔✔Inflammation of the subacromial space r/t
muscle strength imbalances, poor scapula control, rotator cuff tears, subacromial
bursitis, and bone spurs
✔✔Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - ✔✔Pain with overhead activities, nocturnal
pain from sleeping on shoulder, or pain with internal rotation
✔✔Decreased active ROM and preserved passive ROM - ✔✔Subacromial Impingement
Syndrome will show __________ active ROM but _____________ passive ROM
✔✔Partial rotator cuff tears - ✔✔Most common reasons for impingement syndrome are
what?
✔✔Supraspinatus - ✔✔What is the most common tendon affected in rotator cuff tears?
✔✔Rotator cuff tears - ✔✔Related to falls on an outstretched arm/hand, falls pulling on
the shoulder, or chronic repetitive injuries with overhead movement and lifting
, ✔✔Full thickness rotator cuff tears - ✔✔Which are more symptomatic and may be more
obvious with weakness noted with light resistance testing--- full-thickness or partial
thickness rotator cuff tears?
✔✔Rotator cuff injuries - ✔✔Pain with overhead movement and night pain (similar to
impingement syndrome) are symptoms of what injury?
✔✔MRI - ✔✔What diagnostic test is the best method for visualizing rotator cuff tears?
✔✔PT and muscle strengthening - ✔✔What is the treatment for partial rotator cuff
injuries?
✔✔40% - ✔✔What percentage of partial thickness rotator cuff injuries turn into full
thickness within 2 years?
✔✔Shoulder dislocation - ✔✔True separation of humerus from glenoid fossa is called
what?
✔✔Subluxation - ✔✔The partial displacement of a bone from its joint is called what?
✔✔Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔This shoulder dislocation is usually caused by a
fall on an outstretched and abducted arm, externally rotated.
✔✔Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔An example of this type of shoulder dislocation
would be blocking a basketball shot.
✔✔Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔Most common type of shoulder dislocation
✔✔Posterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔This type of shoulder dislocation is usually
associated with traumatic blows to the anterior portion of the shoulder, falls from a
height, seizures, or electric shocks
✔✔Humerus fracture - ✔✔Posterior shoulder dislocations can be associated with what
fracture?
✔✔Atraumatic shoulder dislocations - ✔✔Swimmers, gymnasts, and pitchers (athletes
involved in overhead and throwing sports) commonly can have what problem?
✔✔Abducted and externally rotated - ✔✔Shoulder dislocations usually occur when the
humerus is in which of the following positions
✔✔Identifies posterior shoulder dislocations - ✔✔Orthogonal views are used to identify
what on radiological examination?
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+ TIP
✔✔Spiral Fracture - ✔✔Fracture that occurs while in motion which causes torsion and
the fractures are around the bone
✔✔Spiral Fracture - ✔✔A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
✔✔Comminuted Fracture - ✔✔A break or splinter of bone into two or more fragments
✔✔Segmental Fracture - ✔✔Fracture composed of at least two fracture lines that come
together to isolate a section of bone
✔✔Impacted Fracture - ✔✔Fracture in which one of the bone fragments is driven into
the other fracture
✔✔Stellate Fracture - ✔✔Fracture line that radiate from a center point of injury
✔✔Avulsion Fracture - ✔✔broken bone in which the site of muscle, tendon, or ligament
insertion is detached by a forceful pull
✔✔Compression (Crush) Fracture - ✔✔This fracture generally occurs in the spongy
bone in the spine. For example, the front portion of a vertebra in the spine may collapse
due to osteoporosis
✔✔Pathological Fracture - ✔✔Break in a bone weakened by some other disease
✔✔Stress Fracture - ✔✔Fracture due to repeated stresses and strains. Commonly
occur among athletes, the elderly, and in lower extremities.
✔✔Greenstick Fracture - ✔✔Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and
the other side bends; common in children
✔✔torus (buckle) fracture - ✔✔bone deforms but does not crack. More common in
children. It is painful but stable
✔✔Dislocation - ✔✔Disruption in the normal relationship of the articular surfaces of a
bone making up a joint
✔✔Mal-Union - ✔✔A fracture that heals with abnormal alignment is called?
✔✔Non-union - ✔✔Fracture that is not healing
✔✔Partial dislocation - ✔✔What is a subluxation?
,✔✔Prednisone - ✔✔What steroid can cause bone softening?
✔✔2 point discrimination - ✔✔Ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous
pinpricks on the skin
✔✔2 Views - ✔✔You want at least how many views on xray for fractures?
✔✔Complex fractures of the femur, humerus, or ankle - ✔✔What are oblique views on
XRAY used to see?
✔✔Pelvic Fractures - ✔✔What are inlet and outlet views on XRAY used to see?
✔✔Odontoid (C2) Fractures - ✔✔What do you use the Swimmers view on XRAY to
see?
✔✔Osteoporosis - ✔✔Dexa scan is used to evaluate what?
✔✔Normal Saline (Do not need electrolytes) - ✔✔What kind of fluids do you give for
crush injuries?
✔✔Splint fracture where it lies unless limb is not neurovascularly intact - ✔✔What is the
general rule of thumb for splinting?
✔✔Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - ✔✔Inflammation of the subacromial space r/t
muscle strength imbalances, poor scapula control, rotator cuff tears, subacromial
bursitis, and bone spurs
✔✔Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - ✔✔Pain with overhead activities, nocturnal
pain from sleeping on shoulder, or pain with internal rotation
✔✔Decreased active ROM and preserved passive ROM - ✔✔Subacromial Impingement
Syndrome will show __________ active ROM but _____________ passive ROM
✔✔Partial rotator cuff tears - ✔✔Most common reasons for impingement syndrome are
what?
✔✔Supraspinatus - ✔✔What is the most common tendon affected in rotator cuff tears?
✔✔Rotator cuff tears - ✔✔Related to falls on an outstretched arm/hand, falls pulling on
the shoulder, or chronic repetitive injuries with overhead movement and lifting
, ✔✔Full thickness rotator cuff tears - ✔✔Which are more symptomatic and may be more
obvious with weakness noted with light resistance testing--- full-thickness or partial
thickness rotator cuff tears?
✔✔Rotator cuff injuries - ✔✔Pain with overhead movement and night pain (similar to
impingement syndrome) are symptoms of what injury?
✔✔MRI - ✔✔What diagnostic test is the best method for visualizing rotator cuff tears?
✔✔PT and muscle strengthening - ✔✔What is the treatment for partial rotator cuff
injuries?
✔✔40% - ✔✔What percentage of partial thickness rotator cuff injuries turn into full
thickness within 2 years?
✔✔Shoulder dislocation - ✔✔True separation of humerus from glenoid fossa is called
what?
✔✔Subluxation - ✔✔The partial displacement of a bone from its joint is called what?
✔✔Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔This shoulder dislocation is usually caused by a
fall on an outstretched and abducted arm, externally rotated.
✔✔Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔An example of this type of shoulder dislocation
would be blocking a basketball shot.
✔✔Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔Most common type of shoulder dislocation
✔✔Posterior Shoulder Dislocation - ✔✔This type of shoulder dislocation is usually
associated with traumatic blows to the anterior portion of the shoulder, falls from a
height, seizures, or electric shocks
✔✔Humerus fracture - ✔✔Posterior shoulder dislocations can be associated with what
fracture?
✔✔Atraumatic shoulder dislocations - ✔✔Swimmers, gymnasts, and pitchers (athletes
involved in overhead and throwing sports) commonly can have what problem?
✔✔Abducted and externally rotated - ✔✔Shoulder dislocations usually occur when the
humerus is in which of the following positions
✔✔Identifies posterior shoulder dislocations - ✔✔Orthogonal views are used to identify
what on radiological examination?
