Semester 2 2025 – DUE 20 August 2025; 100% correct
solutions and explanations.
QUESTION 1
1.1 Operational failures caused by staff are driven by error,
fraud and data theft.
✅ True
Motivation:
Operational risk includes risks stemming from people, processes,
and systems. Failures by staff can indeed arise from human error
(mistakes), intentional misconduct (fraud), and malicious
actions (data theft). These are typical internal causes of operational
failure that can disrupt an organisation's operations and lead to
financial and reputational damage.
1.2 Technology and systems are examples of external drivers of
operational risk management.
❌ False
Motivation:
Technology and systems are internal drivers, not external.
Operational risk is often driven by internal factors such as system
failures, outdated technology, or inadequate IT controls. External
drivers typically include regulatory changes, market conditions, or
natural disasters — not internal technology infrastructure.