Atmos 1000- Final Exam (Modules 8-
14) correctly answered to pass
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, approximately how many
avalanche paths threaten State Route 210 (SR-210) and other roads in Little Cottonwood
Canyon? - correct answer ✔✔50
Which highway has the highest avalanche hazard of any highway in North America? - correct
answer ✔✔State Route 210 through Little Cottonwood Canyon, UT
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, what was the seasonal population
in the Town of Alta in 1873? - correct answer ✔✔3,000
According to a Salt Lake Tribune article in 1884, how many people had been killed by snowslides
in and around Alta up until that point? - correct answer ✔✔143
In contrast, how many people died according to more recent estimates from the Alta Historical
Society? - correct answer ✔✔74
In the "original" 1930's Utah Interconnect (during which people skied from Park City to Little
Cottonwood Canyon) where did people stay overnight? - correct answer ✔✔Rose Hotel,
Brighton
Who convinced the Utah National Guard to bring a 75-millimeter French Howitzer to Little
Cottonwood Canyon to do avalanche control work? - correct answer ✔✔Monte Atwater
Which trained snow scientist came to Alta in 1952 and pushed avalanche research in Little
Cottonwood to new heights? - correct answer ✔✔Ed LaChapelle
,What military grade weapon fires large shells into avalanche starting zones to trigger avalanches
when the highway is closed in Little Cottonwood Canyon? - correct answer ✔✔Howitzer
Based on the videos, which of the following are used for contemporary avalanche mitigation
efforts in upper Little Cottonwood Canyon? - correct answer ✔✔All of the above
(Howizer)
(O'belix)
(Gazex)
(Wyssen Tower)
What type of avalanche mitigation system is pictured below? - correct answer ✔✔Wyssen
Tower
An area of restricted travel when non-essential personnel are confined to homes or lodges in
Little Cottonwood Canyon is known as - correct answer ✔✔Interlodge
A day when the highway is closed but the ski areas are open is known as a - correct answer
✔✔Country club day
From the mid-1940s through the 2012-2013 winter, how many ski patrollers died while engaged
in avalanche and snow-safety work in the United States? - correct answer ✔✔25
The group with primary responsibility for avalanche safety along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood
Canyon is - correct answer ✔✔Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT)
The Tanners, White Pine Chutes, White Pine, and Little Pine avalanche paths that are most
critical for avalanche risk along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood Canyon are located - correct answer
✔✔In the middle of Little Cottonwood Canyon
, Avalanche risk is measured using an Avalanche Hazard Index (AHI), which provides a number
representing the potential avalanche threat based on snowfall, terrain, and traffic volume. A
value of less than 10 is considered low and greater than 150 is considered very high. Without
avalanche control, the Avalanche Hazard Index in Little Cottonwood Canyon, assuming 2018
traffic volumes, is - correct answer ✔✔7,300
With avalanche control and the use of the Alta Bypass Road to avoid a few avalanche paths, the
avalanche hazard, assuming 2018 traffic volumes, is - correct answer ✔✔90
On average, how many hours per season was Little Cottonwood closed for avalanche control
from 1999-2018 - correct answer ✔✔56.3
From 1999-2018, the most hours of avalanche closure of SR-210 in a season was - correct
answer ✔✔108
A snow-supporting structure - correct answer ✔✔Holds snow in place where avalanches start
A snow shed - correct answer ✔✔Covers a road to protect it from avalanches
An Earth berm - correct answer ✔✔Stops or diverts avalanches
The picture below shows a series of avalanche fences in an avalanche starting zone above the
village of Zurs in Austria. These fences are an example of what type of avalanche mitigation
system? - correct answer ✔✔Snow supporting structure
The images below are of the Icelandic village of Flateyri; which is highly susceptible to
avalanches.
14) correctly answered to pass
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, approximately how many
avalanche paths threaten State Route 210 (SR-210) and other roads in Little Cottonwood
Canyon? - correct answer ✔✔50
Which highway has the highest avalanche hazard of any highway in North America? - correct
answer ✔✔State Route 210 through Little Cottonwood Canyon, UT
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, what was the seasonal population
in the Town of Alta in 1873? - correct answer ✔✔3,000
According to a Salt Lake Tribune article in 1884, how many people had been killed by snowslides
in and around Alta up until that point? - correct answer ✔✔143
In contrast, how many people died according to more recent estimates from the Alta Historical
Society? - correct answer ✔✔74
In the "original" 1930's Utah Interconnect (during which people skied from Park City to Little
Cottonwood Canyon) where did people stay overnight? - correct answer ✔✔Rose Hotel,
Brighton
Who convinced the Utah National Guard to bring a 75-millimeter French Howitzer to Little
Cottonwood Canyon to do avalanche control work? - correct answer ✔✔Monte Atwater
Which trained snow scientist came to Alta in 1952 and pushed avalanche research in Little
Cottonwood to new heights? - correct answer ✔✔Ed LaChapelle
,What military grade weapon fires large shells into avalanche starting zones to trigger avalanches
when the highway is closed in Little Cottonwood Canyon? - correct answer ✔✔Howitzer
Based on the videos, which of the following are used for contemporary avalanche mitigation
efforts in upper Little Cottonwood Canyon? - correct answer ✔✔All of the above
(Howizer)
(O'belix)
(Gazex)
(Wyssen Tower)
What type of avalanche mitigation system is pictured below? - correct answer ✔✔Wyssen
Tower
An area of restricted travel when non-essential personnel are confined to homes or lodges in
Little Cottonwood Canyon is known as - correct answer ✔✔Interlodge
A day when the highway is closed but the ski areas are open is known as a - correct answer
✔✔Country club day
From the mid-1940s through the 2012-2013 winter, how many ski patrollers died while engaged
in avalanche and snow-safety work in the United States? - correct answer ✔✔25
The group with primary responsibility for avalanche safety along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood
Canyon is - correct answer ✔✔Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT)
The Tanners, White Pine Chutes, White Pine, and Little Pine avalanche paths that are most
critical for avalanche risk along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood Canyon are located - correct answer
✔✔In the middle of Little Cottonwood Canyon
, Avalanche risk is measured using an Avalanche Hazard Index (AHI), which provides a number
representing the potential avalanche threat based on snowfall, terrain, and traffic volume. A
value of less than 10 is considered low and greater than 150 is considered very high. Without
avalanche control, the Avalanche Hazard Index in Little Cottonwood Canyon, assuming 2018
traffic volumes, is - correct answer ✔✔7,300
With avalanche control and the use of the Alta Bypass Road to avoid a few avalanche paths, the
avalanche hazard, assuming 2018 traffic volumes, is - correct answer ✔✔90
On average, how many hours per season was Little Cottonwood closed for avalanche control
from 1999-2018 - correct answer ✔✔56.3
From 1999-2018, the most hours of avalanche closure of SR-210 in a season was - correct
answer ✔✔108
A snow-supporting structure - correct answer ✔✔Holds snow in place where avalanches start
A snow shed - correct answer ✔✔Covers a road to protect it from avalanches
An Earth berm - correct answer ✔✔Stops or diverts avalanches
The picture below shows a series of avalanche fences in an avalanche starting zone above the
village of Zurs in Austria. These fences are an example of what type of avalanche mitigation
system? - correct answer ✔✔Snow supporting structure
The images below are of the Icelandic village of Flateyri; which is highly susceptible to
avalanches.
