USA EIP I EXAM 1/MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is Evidence Based Practice? - Answers :An approach to decision making that
uses the best evidence available in conjunction with client choices to decide on an
option that suits the client best.
What are the three components to the three legged stool that define EBP? - Answers :1.
Current best available evidence
2. Clinical Expertise
3. Client/Patient Values
Who is the founder of Evidence Based Practice? - Answers :Dr. David Sackett
What are the 5 steps in the process of EBP? - Answers :1. Posing a clinical question
2. Searching for the evidence
3. Appraising the literature
4. Making a decision
5. Assessing the effectiveness of the intervention (or test/assessment) and one's
proficiency with the EBP process
(Law & MacDermid, pg 39)
What are the common misconceptions of EBP? - Answers :Myth 1: EBP already exists
(Reality: Many practitioners take little or no time to review current medical findings)
Myth 2: EBP is impossible to put into place
(Reality: Even extremely busy practitioners can initiate EBP through little work)
Myth 3: EBP is cookie-cutter medicine
(Reality: EBP requires extensive clinical expertise)
Myth 4: EBP is a cost-cutting mechanism
(Reality: EBP emphasizes the best available clinical evidence for each client's situation)
(Law & MacDermid, pg. 6)
What are the three main types (approaches) of Research? - Answers :1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
3. Mixed-Methods
(Creswell, pg 5)
Define Quantitative Research - Answers :•involves true experiments; this approach can
include some less rigorous designs called quasi-experiment, and applied behavior
analysis or single-subject experiments
•Relies on objective standardized outcome measures
•Goes along with post positivism
, --Scientific method, where your true experiments lie
--True experiments: a randomized control trial
•Randomized control trial: intervention and a control group that is going to provide a
cause and effect relationship
•It will provide objective data to either support or negate a particular intervention
•There are different levels of evidence under quantitative research
--Randomized control trial (top level)
--Quasi-experiments which is single group: might have an intervention and test people
before and after to see if they get better- there is not control group - it is less rigorous
--Single subject experiment (lowest level)
-Define Qualitative Research - Answers :•has been expanding sine the 1990s; this
approach involves (but is not limited to) the procedures of grounded theory,
ethnography, phenomenology, narrative research, and case studies
•Fills in the gaps for quantitative
•more subjective more geared towards open ended questions that asks the participants
how they feel about a particular thing.
•What is it like to be a caregiver?
•How do you feel about watching your spouse get worse over time?
--you would take the answers and interview the next participant etc. - you ask all the
same questions and try to pull out the commonalities
Define Mixed Methods - Answers :•involves combining or integrating quantitative and
qualitative research and data into a single study- qualitative data is usually [more] open-
ended data whereas quantitative data is [more] close-ended data (more definitive
definition)
•Combines both Quantitative and qualitative methods into one study
•You get the objective data as well as the subjective more intangible data
•Helps get the whole picture of a particular topic of study
What are the Four World Views? - Answers :1. Postpositivism
2. Constructivism
3. Pragmatism
4. Transformative
(Creswell, pg. 6)
Which worldview does the Quantitative approach use? - Answers :Postpositivism world
view
- uses the scientific method to challenge the traditional notion of absolute truth of
knowledge; says we cannot be positive about our claims of knowledge; tries to disprove
hypothesis rather than support it
- we need objective data that is grounded in empirical science to support a theory
- of a theory exists we now need to provide evidenve to support that theory
--this is where randomized control trials come into play; providing very ojective
information
ANSWERS
What is Evidence Based Practice? - Answers :An approach to decision making that
uses the best evidence available in conjunction with client choices to decide on an
option that suits the client best.
What are the three components to the three legged stool that define EBP? - Answers :1.
Current best available evidence
2. Clinical Expertise
3. Client/Patient Values
Who is the founder of Evidence Based Practice? - Answers :Dr. David Sackett
What are the 5 steps in the process of EBP? - Answers :1. Posing a clinical question
2. Searching for the evidence
3. Appraising the literature
4. Making a decision
5. Assessing the effectiveness of the intervention (or test/assessment) and one's
proficiency with the EBP process
(Law & MacDermid, pg 39)
What are the common misconceptions of EBP? - Answers :Myth 1: EBP already exists
(Reality: Many practitioners take little or no time to review current medical findings)
Myth 2: EBP is impossible to put into place
(Reality: Even extremely busy practitioners can initiate EBP through little work)
Myth 3: EBP is cookie-cutter medicine
(Reality: EBP requires extensive clinical expertise)
Myth 4: EBP is a cost-cutting mechanism
(Reality: EBP emphasizes the best available clinical evidence for each client's situation)
(Law & MacDermid, pg. 6)
What are the three main types (approaches) of Research? - Answers :1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
3. Mixed-Methods
(Creswell, pg 5)
Define Quantitative Research - Answers :•involves true experiments; this approach can
include some less rigorous designs called quasi-experiment, and applied behavior
analysis or single-subject experiments
•Relies on objective standardized outcome measures
•Goes along with post positivism
, --Scientific method, where your true experiments lie
--True experiments: a randomized control trial
•Randomized control trial: intervention and a control group that is going to provide a
cause and effect relationship
•It will provide objective data to either support or negate a particular intervention
•There are different levels of evidence under quantitative research
--Randomized control trial (top level)
--Quasi-experiments which is single group: might have an intervention and test people
before and after to see if they get better- there is not control group - it is less rigorous
--Single subject experiment (lowest level)
-Define Qualitative Research - Answers :•has been expanding sine the 1990s; this
approach involves (but is not limited to) the procedures of grounded theory,
ethnography, phenomenology, narrative research, and case studies
•Fills in the gaps for quantitative
•more subjective more geared towards open ended questions that asks the participants
how they feel about a particular thing.
•What is it like to be a caregiver?
•How do you feel about watching your spouse get worse over time?
--you would take the answers and interview the next participant etc. - you ask all the
same questions and try to pull out the commonalities
Define Mixed Methods - Answers :•involves combining or integrating quantitative and
qualitative research and data into a single study- qualitative data is usually [more] open-
ended data whereas quantitative data is [more] close-ended data (more definitive
definition)
•Combines both Quantitative and qualitative methods into one study
•You get the objective data as well as the subjective more intangible data
•Helps get the whole picture of a particular topic of study
What are the Four World Views? - Answers :1. Postpositivism
2. Constructivism
3. Pragmatism
4. Transformative
(Creswell, pg. 6)
Which worldview does the Quantitative approach use? - Answers :Postpositivism world
view
- uses the scientific method to challenge the traditional notion of absolute truth of
knowledge; says we cannot be positive about our claims of knowledge; tries to disprove
hypothesis rather than support it
- we need objective data that is grounded in empirical science to support a theory
- of a theory exists we now need to provide evidenve to support that theory
--this is where randomized control trials come into play; providing very ojective
information
