EIP EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
3 pillars of EIP - Answers :1. individual clinical expertise
2. best external evidence
3. patient values and expectations
Patient/Client Management Model - Answers :1. Examination
2. Evaluation
3. Diagnosis
4. Prognosis
5. Intervention
6. Outcomes
5-step EIP process - Answers :1. ASK
2. ACQUIRE
3. APPRAISE
4. APPLY
5. ASSESS
EIP method sequence - Answers :1. acknowledge there is something I dont know
2. formulate a foreground question (PICO)
3. Efficiently search database
4. select best available evidence
5. critically appraise evidence
6. integrate evidence with clinical practice
7. self evaluation
barriers of EIP - Answers :-time required to keep up to date with current best practices
-access to relevant journal articles (lack of info research)
-PT skill in searching for and evaluating evidence
-poor ability to critically appraise research
Evidence-informed practice - Answers :integrated current best evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values
evidence-based practice - Answers :only takes into account using current best research
to provide care for a patient
ASK - Answers :translation of uncertainty into an answerable question
derived from the pt/clients problem(s)
specific
reasonable
relevant
APPRAISE - Answers :critical appraisal of evidence for validity, clinical relevance and
applicability
,research designs in order of most bias control to least bias control - Answers :1.
experimental
2. quasi-experimental
3. non-experimental
4. case report/anecdote
types of clinical questions - Answers :background and foreground
background questions - Answers :who, what, where, when, why (general knowledge)
Foreground questions (PICO) - Answers :(specific knowledge) types: therapy, harm,
diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis
PICO - Answers :P: population (pt population)
I: intervention (diagnostic test or measure, prognostic indicator, intervention, CPR,
outcome, self report OM)
C: comparison
O: outcome/consequence (what you want to achieve by using the test, measure,
prognostic factor, intervention, CPR, outcome, self report OM)
ACQUIRE - Answers :-prioritize type of study that gives most info
-most efficient database
-search terms and their synonyms
-use advanced search
-be able to reformulate question
-aim for highest quality
-systematic retrieval of best evidence
primary source of evidence - Answers :original research reports (peer reviewed, theses,
dissertations, websites)
secondary source of evidence - Answers :summary reviews (systematic and narratives;
practice guidelines)
general medical databases - Answers :PubMed
CINAHL
Cochrane Library
physical therapy specific databases - Answers :PEDro
Hooked on Evidece
Diagnosis/prognosis/harm search engines - Answers :PubMed Clinical queries
Cochrane CDSR
national guideline clearing house
, Intervention search engines - Answers :PubMed
Cochrane
national clearing house
PEDro
OT seeker
APTA hooked on evidence
what research design is BEST to test the effectiveness of joint mobilization in the
management of cervical spine disorders - Answers :RCT
what research design is BEST to study to determine falls in 2 groups of elderly subjects
- Answers :longitudinal study best
Concept - Answers :a mental image of an observable phenomenon described in words
(age, fatigue, pain)
construct - Answers :a non-observabe abstract created for a specific research purpose
that is defined by observable measures (pt satisfaction, QoL, Motivation)
theory - Answers :an organized set of relationships among concepts or constructs that
is proposed to describe and explain systematically a phenomenon of interest
hypothesis - Answers :claims, tentative answers or predictions that reveal the
investigators expectations about the outcome of the study
null (statistical) hypothesis (Ho) - Answers :a prediction that there will be NO
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE (or a relationship) between groups in
the study. and differences are due to chance
research (alternate) hypothesis (Ha) - Answers :a prediction that the outcome of an
investigation will demonstrate a difference (or a relationship) between groups (or
variables). The results are more than chance alone (STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT)
qualitative - Answers :seek to understand the nature of the phenomenon from the
perspective and social context of the subjects (SUBJECTIVE)
-constructivism
quantitative - Answers :assumes an objective reality exists that is observable and can
be measured through systematic, bias-free methods (OBJECTIVE)
-positivist philosophy
Experimental design - Answers :2 or more groups of subjects
random assignment of subjects to groups
purposeful manipulation of subjects
measures behavior after purposeful manipulation
3 pillars of EIP - Answers :1. individual clinical expertise
2. best external evidence
3. patient values and expectations
Patient/Client Management Model - Answers :1. Examination
2. Evaluation
3. Diagnosis
4. Prognosis
5. Intervention
6. Outcomes
5-step EIP process - Answers :1. ASK
2. ACQUIRE
3. APPRAISE
4. APPLY
5. ASSESS
EIP method sequence - Answers :1. acknowledge there is something I dont know
2. formulate a foreground question (PICO)
3. Efficiently search database
4. select best available evidence
5. critically appraise evidence
6. integrate evidence with clinical practice
7. self evaluation
barriers of EIP - Answers :-time required to keep up to date with current best practices
-access to relevant journal articles (lack of info research)
-PT skill in searching for and evaluating evidence
-poor ability to critically appraise research
Evidence-informed practice - Answers :integrated current best evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values
evidence-based practice - Answers :only takes into account using current best research
to provide care for a patient
ASK - Answers :translation of uncertainty into an answerable question
derived from the pt/clients problem(s)
specific
reasonable
relevant
APPRAISE - Answers :critical appraisal of evidence for validity, clinical relevance and
applicability
,research designs in order of most bias control to least bias control - Answers :1.
experimental
2. quasi-experimental
3. non-experimental
4. case report/anecdote
types of clinical questions - Answers :background and foreground
background questions - Answers :who, what, where, when, why (general knowledge)
Foreground questions (PICO) - Answers :(specific knowledge) types: therapy, harm,
diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis
PICO - Answers :P: population (pt population)
I: intervention (diagnostic test or measure, prognostic indicator, intervention, CPR,
outcome, self report OM)
C: comparison
O: outcome/consequence (what you want to achieve by using the test, measure,
prognostic factor, intervention, CPR, outcome, self report OM)
ACQUIRE - Answers :-prioritize type of study that gives most info
-most efficient database
-search terms and their synonyms
-use advanced search
-be able to reformulate question
-aim for highest quality
-systematic retrieval of best evidence
primary source of evidence - Answers :original research reports (peer reviewed, theses,
dissertations, websites)
secondary source of evidence - Answers :summary reviews (systematic and narratives;
practice guidelines)
general medical databases - Answers :PubMed
CINAHL
Cochrane Library
physical therapy specific databases - Answers :PEDro
Hooked on Evidece
Diagnosis/prognosis/harm search engines - Answers :PubMed Clinical queries
Cochrane CDSR
national guideline clearing house
, Intervention search engines - Answers :PubMed
Cochrane
national clearing house
PEDro
OT seeker
APTA hooked on evidence
what research design is BEST to test the effectiveness of joint mobilization in the
management of cervical spine disorders - Answers :RCT
what research design is BEST to study to determine falls in 2 groups of elderly subjects
- Answers :longitudinal study best
Concept - Answers :a mental image of an observable phenomenon described in words
(age, fatigue, pain)
construct - Answers :a non-observabe abstract created for a specific research purpose
that is defined by observable measures (pt satisfaction, QoL, Motivation)
theory - Answers :an organized set of relationships among concepts or constructs that
is proposed to describe and explain systematically a phenomenon of interest
hypothesis - Answers :claims, tentative answers or predictions that reveal the
investigators expectations about the outcome of the study
null (statistical) hypothesis (Ho) - Answers :a prediction that there will be NO
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE (or a relationship) between groups in
the study. and differences are due to chance
research (alternate) hypothesis (Ha) - Answers :a prediction that the outcome of an
investigation will demonstrate a difference (or a relationship) between groups (or
variables). The results are more than chance alone (STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT)
qualitative - Answers :seek to understand the nature of the phenomenon from the
perspective and social context of the subjects (SUBJECTIVE)
-constructivism
quantitative - Answers :assumes an objective reality exists that is observable and can
be measured through systematic, bias-free methods (OBJECTIVE)
-positivist philosophy
Experimental design - Answers :2 or more groups of subjects
random assignment of subjects to groups
purposeful manipulation of subjects
measures behavior after purposeful manipulation
